Lesson 1
the pulling force at a divergent boundary
What is tension?
an underwater moutain chain where new ocean floor is formed where lava builds up and cools
What is a mid-ocean ridge?
the movement of weathered rock, or sediment, from one location to another
What is erosion?
the hypothesis that all continents were once joined into a super continent that split apart over millions of years. Continents continue to move around on the earth
What is continental drift?
A theory stating that the earth's crust is broken into plates that move slowly over Earth's surface.
What are plate tectonics?
a recurring current in the mantle that occurs when hotter, less dense material rises, cools, and then sinks again. This current is believed to be one of the driving forces behind tectonic plate movement
What is convection?
areas of volcanic activities that result from plumes of hot solid material that have risen from deep inside earths mantle
What are hot spots?
small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living things
What is sediment?
surface along which Earth's crust moves; break in earth's crust where slabs of crust slip past each other
What is a fault?
Side-by-side dragging force at transform boundaries
What is shear?
name 3 types of plate boundaries and describe them
What are convergent boundaries (move toward each other), divergent boundaries (push away), and transform boundaries (slide side by side)?
Long stream of molten rock
What is lava flow?
3 agents of erosion
What are water, ice, and wind?
Squeezing force at a convergent boundary
What is compression?
Small pieces of lava
What is volcanic ash?
3 types of evidence that prove continental drift
What are continent shapes like puzzle piece, fossil evidence, and geological evidence?
2 types of volcanoes
What are shield volcano and composite volcano?
Give an example of physical weathering
-plants growing into rock and breaking them
-animals causing rocks to break
-temperature change
The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
What is chemical weathering?
a loose mixture of rock fragments, organic material, water, and air that can support the growth of vegetation
What is soil?
created when convergent boundaries made of only continental crust collide
What are mountains?
3 results of an earthquake
What are tsunamis, landslides, mountains, and liquifaction?
2 processes that lead to formation of soil
What are weathering and biological activity?
area where crust is pushed down into the mantle below another plate; one plate slides under another
What is a subduction zone?
a large crater caused by the violent explosion of a volcano that collapses into a depression
What is a caldera?