Thermal Energy and Chemical Reactions
What does Thermal Energy represent, and HOW is it measured?
Thermal Energy represents the average movement of particles in a substance
Thermal Energy is measured as Temperature, using a Thermometer.
What body system is responsible for putting the carbohydrates necessary for making energy into the body?
The Digestive System
What is the name of the tool used to determine the probabilities of offspring traits? (HINT: It's boxes)
Punnett Squares
What changes when Natural Selection happens?
What is the name for the location between two air masses with different densities? What is created at this location in the atmosphere?
(100 points for each question answered)
A Front. It creates Wind.
What is a particle?
The smallest part of a substance that still has the same properties as the whole substance.
What is the process that breaks down chemical energy into usable energy?
Cellular Respiration
When an individual has a BB genotype, it can be described as? (include both genotype and phenotype terms)
Homozygous Dominant
Does Natural Selection happen to individuals or to a group? Explain your reasoning
Natural Selection happens to a group. The process determines who lives long enough to reproduce, so changes wouldn't be noticed in the population until future generation(s).
What is the difference between Weather and Climate?
Weather is at one specific time, Climate is the average weather over a long period of time.
In the chemical formula
2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O
What are the reactants, and what are the products?
Reactants: 2 H2, O2
Products: 2 H2O
Where does the process that makes energy actually happen? What body system is responsible for allowing this to happen?
The process happens at each cell (where the energy is needed). The Circulatory System moves the things needed for the process to the cells.
Double points if you can provide an example
False
Expected example: Sickle Cell Anemia, Albinism
What is the term used to describe how likely an individual is to survive long enough to have offspring?
Fitness
For each of the following measurements, identify how they influence local climates. (300 points for each correct response)
Elevation, distance from the ocean, Latitude
Elevation: Higher elevation has lower temperatures/air pressure, Lower Elevation has higher temperatures/air pressure
Distance from the Ocean: Closer places have higher humidity/more stable temperatures, Further places have lower humidity/less stable temperatures
Latitude: Lower Latitude means higher temperatures, higher latitude means lower temperatures.
What is the Law of Conservation of Matter, and how does it apply to chemical equations?
The Law of Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged.
Chemical Equations need to have the same amount of each atom on both sides of the equation.
How are Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration related to each other?
They're part of a cycle: Photosynthesis creates the things needed for Cellular Respiration, and Cellular Respiration creates the things needed for Photosynthesis.
What type of reproduction is necessary for the principles of genetics to apply?
Sexual Reproduction
Is Natural Selection more likely to happen in an environment that barely changes, or an environment that dramatically changes? Explain why.
Dramatic Changes, since that is more likely to change which traits have a higher likelihood of surviving long enough to have offspring.
(400 points for each question)
Ocean Currents can move waters from other parts of the world, affecting the ocean it flows into's temperatures.
Nearby land will attempt to balance their temperature with nearby ocean's temperatures.
What direction does Thermal Energy transfer between two substances of different temperatures?
(Double Points: Why does it travel in this direction?)
Double Points: Things balance in nature, from high to low.
BONUS ROUND: Identify as many body systems as you can that are involved in the process of eating an apple and getting energy from it (starting with the apple in front of you, ending when energy is made) Each system identified is worth 200 points.
What are the odds of a Homozygous recessive father and a Heterozygous mother, having a child with a dominant phenotype?
(Double Points if you show your work)
50%
Humans are an apex predator for many species. One example is Elephants, as humans hunt them down for their tusks for various reasons. Over the past 300 years, more elephants without tusks have been born within wild populations.
Is this an example of Natural Selection or Artificial Selection? Why did the population change the way it did?
(500 points for each question that is answered)
Natural Selection. The change occurred based on elephants surviving in their environment, not due to human choosing which trait is more common.
Elephants without tusks weren't being hunted for their tusks, so they were the elephants being left alive long enough to have offspring.
Where does the process that creates ocean currents START? Double points if you can explain the full process afterwards.
At icebergs, water freezes and causes salty water to sink.
After the salty water sinks, the density differences between the poles and the equator cause water to flow towards the equator. As water sinks, surface water flows from the equator to the poles to fill the empty space.