1
Chewing and grinding food with teeth and tongue is called what type of digestion?
mechanical
Two functions of the stomach:
stores food and produces gastric juice containing pepsin to chemically digest proteins.
Which process do plants use to make food using light, water, and carbon dioxide?
photosynthesis
Which part of the digestive system mainly absorbs water and forms semisolid waste?
large intestine
True or False: Plants ingest food the same way animals do
False
The urinary (kidney) system removes what type of waste from the body?
liquid waste (urine)
Digestion begins in which part of the digestive system?
the mouth
The esophagus connects which two body parts?
mouth to stomach
Contrast mechanical and chemical digestion with one clear difference.
Mechanical digestion physically breaks food into smaller pieces (chewing), while chemical digestion uses enzymes and acids to break food into molecules the body can absorb.
Name the three raw materials needed for photosynthesis.
light energy
water
carbon dioxide
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C is defined as what?
calorie
Which organ system collects and eliminates wastes and regulates fluid levels in the body?
Excretory system
What is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach?
esophagus
Explain why activity level changes a person's daily energy requirement
Activity level increases energy needed because physical activity uses more energy (calories) for muscle work and movement.
Photosynthesis makes _______________ and ___________________ using light energy; cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to release energy for cells.
glucose and oxygen
Which organ stores food and produces gastric juice containing pepsin?
the stomach
_________________________ helps digestion primarily by neutralizing acidic foods and beginning the breakdown of carbohydrates
saliva
During photosynthesis, plants produce glucose and release which waste product?
oxygen
Which nutrient group is primarily responsible for providing energy?
carbohydrates
________________ is wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
peristalis
Name four factors that affect how much energy (calories) a person needs.
age, gender, activity level, and weight
Where does most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur?
small intestine
Give one example of chemical digestion (name an enzyme or organ and what it acts on).
pepsin in the stomach
stomach acid in the stomach