The variable that is measured in an experiment is called the _________________ variable
Dependent
100
Differentiate between longitudinal and transverse waves and give an example of each wave type.
longitudinal - the particles of the medium move back and forth parallel to the wave's motion (sound wave)
transverse - the particles of the medium move up and down perpendicular to the wave's motion (all EM waves)
100
When determining the temperature of a substance, what property of its particles (atoms) is being measured?
A. total potential energy
B. total kinetic energy
C. average kinetic energy
100
The asthenosphere is the part of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move. Which of these statements best describes a characteristic of the hot convecting mantle?
1. it is porous
2. it is rigid
3. it is plastic
100
Which plate tectonic process creates a deep ocean trench?
Subduction Zone
200
Daniel hypothesizes that his Newton balloon rocket will travel faster than Alex's because it has wings. Alex's rocket travels faster in all 3 trials. How should Daniel report his results?
A. I proved my hypothesis wrong
B. My data did not support my hypothesis
C. Alex cheated and I really did prove my hypothesis
200
Name the waves of the Electromagnetic Spectrum in order from lowest to highest frequency.
radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray
200
Samantha is making a picture frame. She sticks a nail into a piece of wood and hits the nail with a hammer. Which form of energy is NOT transferred when the hammer hits the nail.
A. chemical
B. thermal
C. sound
200
Rock layers are not the same everywhere. Different areas contain different parts of Earth's geological history. What can scientists use to figure out if rock layers from different areas are the same relative age?
fossils
200
Ocean basins expand as new oceanic crust forms and moves away from a mid-ocean ridge during this process
seafloor spreading
300
Calley wants to know what color food bowl her rabbit prefers. She gets 3 different colored bowls of the same size and fills each with the same amount of rabbit food. Calley will observe her rabbit and record which bowl the rabbit goes to the most after 5 days of repeating the experiment. What is Calley's independent variable?
the different colored bowls
300
Matter can be described as transparent, translucent, or opaque to light rays. Red light waves and yellow light waves travel through air and strike the surface of glass. Only the yellow light waves travel through the glass. Which phrase best describes the glass?
A. it is transparent for yellow light
B. it is opaque for yellow light
C. it is transparent for red light
300
A lamp releases only light and thermal energy. The energy input of the lamp is 120 watts. Of that input, 80 watts is converted to light. What happens to the rest of the energy?
A. energy is destroyed when the lamp is turned on
B. 40 watts is converted to thermal energy
C. the rest of the energy is converted to nuclear energy
300
Describe the 2 innermost physical layers of the Earth in terms of their state of matter and composition
outer core - liquid Fe and Ni
inner core - solid Fe and Ni
300
What is the name of Alfred Wegener's ancient supercontinent and give 3 lines of evidence that Wegener used to support his hypothesis of Continental Drift
Pangaea
1. the "fit" of the continents like puzzle pieces
2. fossil evidence
3. climate evidence
400
Maddie and Katelyn want to see if plants grow better with rock music, rap music, or classical music. They get some plants and expose them to different types of music for 3 weeks. During the experiment, Maddie and Katelyn record the height of the plants every 3 days. What is the dependent variable in their experiment?
measuring the height of the plants every 3 days
400
Compare the speed of a sound wave to the speed of a light wave as the waves travel from the air to the water.
Sound waves speed up in more dense materials while light waves slow down in more dense materials.
400
Gracie heated two cubes of aluminum that were the same size. Cube A was heated to 50 degrees C and Cube B was heated to 30 degrees C. If Cube A was stacked directly on top of Cube B, what describes the flow of heat?
A. the heat did not transfer
B. the heat transferred from Cube B to Cube A
C. the heat transferred from Cube A to Cube B
D. the heat transferred in both directions
400
Hot melted igneous rock intrudes into and cuts through several layers of sedimentary rock. Over time, the igneous intrusion cools and becomes solid. How does the age of this intrusion compare to the age of the surrounding rock layers?
The intrusion is younger than the rock layers that it cuts through
400
At which type of plate boundary would you expect to find large mountain ranges or volcanic islands?
Convergent plate boundaries (2 ocean plates, 2 continental plates, or 1 ocean and 1 continental plate)
500
Differentiate between a theory and a law
A theory is an explanation based upon lots of empirical evidence. It explains why something happens.
A law is a general rule that can be represented as a mathematical formula. It tells what will happen under certain conditions.
500
Give the relationship between:
wavelength and frequency
frequency and energy
amplitude and energy
as wavelength increases, frequency decreases
as frequency increases, energy increases
as amplitude increases, energy increases
500
The kinetic energy of a space shuttle as it is launched is less than the potential energy of the fuel used. Which statement best explains why this happens?
A. the potential energy is also converted to light, thermal energy, and sound energy
B. the potential energy must be consumed to make the fuel burn
C. the potential energy is destroyed by the warmth of the reaction
500
What percent of the parent material would be remaining after 4 half-lives have passed?
After 1 half-life 50% of the parent remains....after 2 half-lives 25% of the parent remains...after 3 half-lives 12.5% of the parent remains.....after 4 half-lives 6.25% of the parent remains
500
What 3 forces are said to cause plate motion. Define each type of force.
ridge push - gravity moving magma down at mid-ocean ridges
slab pull - lithospheric plates dragged down into the mantle at subduction zones
convection currents - thermal energy transferred in the mantle by convection