Chapter 1
how do living things get energy?
plants -- directly from the sun
humans and animals -- indirectly from food
why do antibiotics not work for viruses?
antibiotics treat bacterial infections and viruses are not a bacterial infection
what are the different subatomic particles and their charges?
electrons -- negatively charged
protons -- positively charged
neutrons -- neutral, no charge
define a cell
the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions
why do we use microscopes?
cells cannot be seen with the naked eye therefore we need to use microscopes to be able to observe and examine them
What 6 things does an organism need to be considered 'living'?
organized (cells), respond/react, energy, grow and develop, reproduce, and a home
what are the 2 types of cells? and what is the difference between the two?
prokaryotic -- cells without membrane bound structures
eukaryotic -- cells with membrane bound structures
what are carbohydrates used as food for?
they are used as food for growth, maintenance, and reproduction
what is spontaneous generation?
living things coming from nonliving things
what is fermentation?
energy that is released from glucose due to lack of oxygen
What was the main idea of Genesis 1 and what was the main idea of Genesis 2?
Genesis 1: to show how God works
Genesis 2: to show how intentional God is when he works
What is the difference between a latent virus and an active virus?
latent means it does not immediately make new viruses and becomes a part of the host cell's DNA. active means the virus is multiplying and destroying the host cell
what is the cellular respiration process?
carbohydrates --> glucose --> simpler molecules --> energy
which classification category classifies based on general body plan?
the phylum category!
what are the 3 categories of the periodic table?
what is the scientific naming system called? and how does it help scientists know more information about the organisms?
Binomial Nomenclature: it identifies the genus and describes something about the organism.
What are the different parts of a microscope?
eyepiece lenses, magnification, plate, knobs
what are the 3 types of passive transport and what is the difference between all 3?
osmosis -- diffusion of water
facilitated diffusion -- the movement of molecules with the help of transport proteins
define golgi bodies
stacked, flattened membranes that sort proteins
what are 2 things about the species classification group we should know?
1. same evolutionary history
2. closely related
3. based on physical and genetic similarities
4. same number of chromosomes
5. organisms in the same species can be interbreed/reproduce within the same species
6. smallest classification groupings
Name the 8 classification categories in the correct order
domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
What is the difference between rough ER and smooth ER?
rough ER means it has attached ribosomes while smooth ER means it does not have any attached ribosomes
what are the 6 elements that make up 99% of living things?
hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorus, carbon, and nitrogen
what are compounds and what are the 2 types of compounds?
compounds -- made up of 2 or more elements in exact proportions
ionic (when atoms of opposite charges form electrically neutral compounds) and molecular (when atoms share electrons) compounds are the two types.
How are vaccines made?
they are made from a weakened virus particle that can't cause diseases anymore