Functional Units of the Human Body Systems
This functional unit absorbs nutrients in the small intestines.
Villi
There are 11 body systems. List at least 5 of them
Muscular, Skeletal, Integumentary, Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Immune, Nervous, Endocrine, Reproductive,
What is the largest organ of the body?
The skin
Which organ produces bile, the chemical that helps break down fat?
The liver
The heart is made of _________________ muscle tissue.
cardiac
List the 5 senses
Sight, Sound, Touch, Taste, Smell
What are the parts of the heart that act as pumps called?
The ventricles
This functional unit is found in both the circulatory and lymphatic systems, and it engulfs and destroys pathogens like bacteria and viruses.
White blood cells
How does your body stay balanced (stable) inside when things around you change?
Homeostasis
What are the 3 types of muscle tissues found in the human body?
Skeletal, Smooth, and Cardiac
What is the main organ of the digestive system that absorbs nutrients?
These blood vessels carry blood AWAY from the heart. (O₂-rich — red):
Arteries
This is an automatic, involuntary response.
These protect us by reacting quickly to danger.
Sensory N - Interneuron (spinal cord only) - motor N
Reflex
What does pulmonary mean?
Lung
These tiny air sacs in the lungs are the functional units of the respiratory system.
Alveoli
Are there more organs or tissues in the human body?
Tissues
Ligaments connect __________ to ___________.
bone to bone.
This type of macronutrient provides 9 calories for every gram.
Fats
What is the "windpipe" called?
Trachea
What are the two subsystems of the Nervous System?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
What is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1° Celsius?
This functional unit of the muscular system is a muscle cell that contracts and relaxes in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle tissue.
Myocyte
What do we call organisms that have only one cell, and what do we call organisms made of many cells?
Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms
There are five types of joints. List one type and give an example.
1-Ball and Socket: shoulder/hip
2-Hinge: elbow, knee
3-Gliding: wrist/ankle
4-Saddle: thumb
5-Pivot: to of the spine
What are the 3 macro nutrients?
Carbhohydrates, Proteins, Fats
What are the four main components of blood?
Plasma, RBC's, WBC's, and Platelets
They send signals from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands, causing the body to move or respond.
Motor neurons
These chemicals are released from the axon terminals and travel across the synapse.
Neurotransmitters
This functional unit receives stimuli from the five senses and sends signals to muscles or glands to respond.
What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?
Cells-Tissues-Organs-Organ Systems-Organism
What is the first/top vertebrae called?
(it holds up the head)
The atlas
The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle tissue.
Paristalsis
What is the main organ of the excretory system?
Kidney
These chemical signals attach to receptors on cells and turn certain body processes on or off.
Examples are insulin, HGH, and testosterone.
Hormones
What system includes your skin, hair, and nails?
Integumentary system