Vocabulary
Study of how traits are passed through generations
What are genetics?
Alleles that are expressed jointly
What are codominant alleles?
Different forms of the same trait
What are variations?
When the plant pollinates itself
What is self-pollination (fertilization)?
Combination of all alleles on the genetic level
What are genotypes?
Different allele from parents
What is heterozygous?
The XY chromosomes determine this
What is gender?
Same allele from each parent
What is homozygous?
When pollen from one plant fertilizes another plant
What is cross-pollination (fertilization)?
Observable traits of an organism
What are phenotypes?
Distinguishing qualities for all members of a species
What are traits?
The arrangement of chromosomes by shape, size, and number
What is a karyotype?
Molecules that combine to form proteins
What are amino acids?
Two different forms of the same gene
What are alleles?
Strands of linked genes
What are chromosomes?
Three ways mutations can occur
What are one nucleotide is substituted for another, chunks of DNA added or taken away, section of DNA is cut out, turned around, re-inserted backwards
Passing of physical traits from parent to offspring
What is heredity?
Chromatids don’t separate and cause these
What are chromosome disorders?
Any chromosome not associated with gender
What are autosomes?
The three parts all pea plants have
What are pistil, ovary, stamen?
These determine an organism’s traits
What are genes?
This makes protein production possible
What is RNA?
Cigarette smoke, industrial chemicals, pesticides are examples of these
What are mutagens?
A change in the sequence of one or more nucleotides
What is a mutation?
Mendel’s two laws
What are Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment?
Proteins make up these
What are hormones (chemical messengers), enzymes, antibodies, receptor molecules in the brain?