Human Development
Genetically Wired Behavior
What is a reflex?
This is a person’s biological inheritance.
What is their Nature?
An innate (unlearned) biological pattern of behavior that is assumed to be universal throughout a species.
What is an instinct?
Favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality.
What are positive illusions?
Social behavior whose objective is to harm someone, either physically or verbally.
What is aggression?
This is the body’s tendency to maintain an equilibrium, or steady state.
What is Homeostasis?
The social and psychological aspects of one’s experience of being male, female, both, or neither.
What is Gender?
The First stage in Kübler-Ross's stages of grief.
What is Denial?
Feeling, or affect, that can involve physiological arousal, conscious experience, and behavioral expression.
What is an emotion?
The tendency of an individual who observes an emergency to be less likely to help when other people are present than when the observer is alone.
What is the bystander effect?
This kind of love occurs when an individual has a deep, caring affection for another person.
What is affectionate love or companionate love?
Understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched.
What is object permanence?
A period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation, mainly in early adolescence.
What is Puberty?
Motivation based on external incentives such as rewards and punishments.
What is extrinsic motivation?
A generalization about a group’s characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.
What is a stereotype?
An individual’s fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about their group.
What is Stereotype threat?
In this stage of Erikison's stages of development People are forming intimate relationships with others and it often this involves a romantic partner.
What is early adulthood or intimacy vs. Isolation?
Behavior intended to benefit other people.
What is Prosocial Behavior?
An aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need.
What is a Drive?
The area of social psychology explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.
What is social cognition?
A change in a person’s behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard.
What is Conformity?
This stage from Piaget's developmental stages is from 7 to 11 years and includes Operational thinking (for example, conservation), Classification skills, and reasoning logically in concrete contexts.
What is the Concrete operational stage?
In Kohlberg's stages of moral development, this stage of moral reasoning is based primarily on consequences—on punishments and rewards from the external world.
What is Preconventional reasoning?
A theory that asserts that all humans have three basic, innate organismic needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy.
What is self-determination theory?
The impaired decision-making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony.
What is groupthink?
People are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior.
What is attribution theory?