protein synthesis
what is protein synthesis?
making proteins
what happens during initiation?
rna polymerase binds to the promoter, signalling for the cell to let it inside for genetic information
what happens during translation?
the mRNA made in transcription is sent to the ribosome
what happens during initiation?
mRNA made in transcription is sent to the ribosome and tRNA come together after the ribosome finds the start codon to start the gene
how is the type of protein and their function determined?
depending on how the amino acids are put together during the translation process (the product)
what are the 2 steps of protein synthesis?
transcription and translation
what happens during elongation?
the rna polymerase reads the dna, and makes a complementary mRNA strand.
whats the analogy for translation?
players, and the game
what happens during elongation?
the ribosome moves along mRNA, and new tRNA comes in and matches the anticodons to the codons of the mRNA and links together amino acids it brought. this is making protein chain (the result) longer
what are codons? what are anticodons?
codons are a three-nucleotide sequence found on the mRNA that specify an amino acid, and anti-codons are the opposite (or complementary) three-nucleotide sequence for codons, found on the tRNA
how can we remember which one comes first?
c is before l in the alphabet
what happens during termination?
a dna sequence called a terminator tells the rna polymerase to stop and release the new mRNA strand
who are the players?
ribosomes, mRNA, and tRNA
what happens during termination?
process continues until a stop codon is hit, and a release factor binds to the tRNA which destorys it, and new protein chain is released
what does tRNA consist of?
a peptide (amino acids), and the anti-codons (3 nitrogen bases)
what is the kitchen analogy for explaining how dna and rna work together to make protein?
dna is the cookbook, rna is the recipe, and apple pie is the protein
what do exons and introns do? where are they located?
introns - non coding sequences in a gene, removed from mRNA
exons - coding sequences within a gene, forms mRNA
what are the purposes of each player?
ribosomes - the factory
mRNA - brings the instructions
tRNA - brings amino acids to ribosome
what is the start codon?
AUG
what does mRNA consist of?
a linear strand of ribonucleotides - each containing a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
what are the 3 steps during both translation and transcription?
initiation, elongation, and termination
what is the game?
the process of translation
what are the stop codons?
UAA, UGA, and UAG
what is the main enzyme used in the processes?
rna polymerase