Definitions
An opening in the earth's surface that allows the ejection of hot gases, ash, and molten rock to escape from the earth's mantle.
What is a "volcano"?
The three types of volcanoes.
What is shield, cinder-cone, and composite?
This force of nature usually occurs in the same areas that volcanoes form.
What is an earthquake?
Any substance that is ejected from an active volcano.
What is ejecta?
Horizontal tube-shaped corridors that once carried magma and are now a common place to mine diamonds.
What is a "lava tube" or "lava tunnel" ?
The reservoir of magma which serves the source of an eruption.
What is the "magma chamber"?
This symmetrical volcano is formed by alternating layers of ash and lava.
What is a "composite" volcano?
Name the scientist who studies earthquakes and the scientist who studies volcanoes.
What is a "seismologist" and "volcanologist"?
What is solid, liquid, and gas?
These are two signs that indicate an eruption is likely to occur soon.
What is a "bulging" on the side of the mountain and "minor earthquakes"?
The name given to magma once it has been ejected from the earth's interior.
What is "lava"?
This volcano is usually formed by a single, violent eruption of ash that forms a conical mountain.
What is a "cinder-cone" volcano?
The name of the world's most active seismic belt and the volcanic belt that parallels it.
What is the "Circum-Pacific Belt" and the "Ring of Fire"?
Liquid ejecta
What is lava?
The Hawaiian names for "ropy lava" and lava that hardens into jagged, crumbly rocks.
What is "pahoehoe" and "aa"?
A superheated cloud of gas and volcanic ash that travels like an avalanche and proceeds the eruption.
What is the "pyroclastic flow"?
The three levels of volcano classification based on activity.
What is active, dormant, and extinct?
The scale most commonly used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake and the scale used to measure the strength of a volcanic eruption.
What is the "Richter Scale" and the "Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)"?
Solid ejecta
What are pyroclasts?
Magma that has been squeezed between horizontal layers of rock to form small dome-shaped intrusions of rock and large dome-shaped intrusions of rock.
What are "laccoliths" and "batholiths"?
The bowl-shaped crater that forms when the magma chamber collapses after an eruption.
What is a "calderas"?
This volcano is formed from a long-time continuous eruption of runny lava through multiple fissures as well as the central vent.
What is a "shield" volcano?
The source of an earthquake and the source of a volcanic eruption.
What is the "focus" and "magma chamber"?
The names of pyroclastic material arranged from smallest to largest.
What are volcanic ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs, and volcanic blocks?
These are the two factors that determine the violence of a volcano's eruption.
What are "viscosity of the lava" and the "amount of dissolved gases within the lava"?