Pregnancy
•Placental hormones alter maternal metabolism to ensure fetal glucose supply by doing this.
What is decreasing insulin sensitivity
•The most impactful feeding factor on infant health alongside timing of solids.
The type of milk
•Breast milk carbohydrate that supports immune function and gut health.
•What are oligosaccharides?
BMI percentile defining childhood overweight
85th percentile
•Recommended weekly physical activity for health.
150 minutes
Most reliable indicator of infant health at birth
Birth weight
•Underweight infants have increased disease risk primarily due to this postnatal growth pattern.
•What is catch‑up growth with adipocyte proliferation?
•Immune‑rich milk produced in the first days postpartum.
colostrum
•child Breakfast skippers are more likely to experience this body‑weight outcome.
•
what is overweight
•ATP system dominant during a standing vertical jump.
phosphagen system
•Recommended weight gain range for a normal‑BMI pregnant woman.
25-25 pounds
•Energy needs of infants compared to adults on a per‑kilogram basis.
about double
•Recommended duration of primary breast or formula feeding.
First 6 months
•Primary cellular characteristic of obese children.
increased adipocyte number
•Molecule converted into lactate during metabolism.
What is pyruvate
•Excess maternal weight gain can permanently alter infant appetite regulation through this process.
persistent reprogramming
•Nutrient deficiency most strongly associated with poor child behavior.
Iron deficiency
•Macronutrient present in lower amounts in breast milk compared to formula.
protein
From birth to one year, a child increases adiposity by what mechanism?
Hypertrophy
•Dietary macronutrient that best supports endurance exercise.
carbohydrate
Excess gestational weight gain increases future obesity risk in both mother and this individual
The child
•Reason new foods should be introduced to infants one at a time.
Detect food allergies
•True or false: protein deficiency is a concern for breast‑fed infants.
false
•Heavy metal toxicity that malnourished children are especially vulnerable to.
what is lead?
Energy system dominant in a 100‑meter sprint
•What is the phosphagen system?