Associations
A form of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to trigger a response after being associated with a stimulus that already triggers that response.
Classical conditioning.
Procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
Shaping
A disorder characterised by intense, frequent or continuous anxiety, which may lead to disruptive avoidance behaviour.
Anxiety disorder
Occurs when a person observes and imitates behavior. this type of learning takes less time than operant conditioning.
Observational learning
An anxiety disorder marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations
Panic Disorder.
what is the conditioned stimulus (CS), in Pavlov's
research?
Bell
__Is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior.An association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.(B.F. Skinner).
Operant Conditioning
A disorder characterised by age-inappropriate inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Occurs when an individual encodes information and keeps it in memory so that it can be retrieved.
Retention.
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions.
Obsessive-compulsive Disorder.
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, automatic response to a particular unconditioned stimulus is ?
Unconditioned response (UCR)
___ involve the removal of an unfavorable events or outcomes after the display of a behavior. In these situations, a response is strengthened by the removal of something considered unpleasant.
Negative Reinforcement
A psychological disorder marked by extreme mood swings; also called manic-depression.
Bipolar disorder
___is learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates behavior.
Observational learning.
Johnny experiences extreme fear of social situations and avoids them due worries about being judged or embarrassed.What disorder does Johnny have ?
Social Anxiety Disorder.
What was Pavlov's original
research interest?
Digestion
An adverse event or outcome that causes a decrease in the behavior it follows.
Punishment
Sensory perceptions that distort, or occur without, an external stimulus.
Hallucinations
The term for copying or imitating someone else's behavior is ?
Modeling.
What disorder does Sam have if he has frequent flashbacks, nightmares, and intense anxiety after experiencing a traumatic event like a car accident or combat?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that automatically elicits a particular unconditoned response
unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
Mike spanks his son for making a mess in the kitchen. This is an example of what type of punishment?
Positive Punishment .
A form of psychopathology, characterised by depressed mood, loss of interest in pleasurable activities, and disturbances in appetite, sleep, energy level and concentration.
Major depressive disorder.
Janice saw her older sister get into trouble for breaking curfew and decided she'll never do the same.What type of learning is this ?
Observational learning
What disorder does Mimi have if she has intense, unpredictable mood swings, often experiencing irritability, impulsivity, and unstable relationships?
Borderline Personality Disorder.