enzyme structe and function
This part of the enzyme binds to the substrate and catalyzes the reaction.
What is the active site?
This form of regulation involves a molecule binding to a site other than the enzyme’s active site to change the enzyme's activity.
What is allosteric regulation?
This is the starting molecule for glycolysis, which is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate.
GLUCOSE
This molecule is the starting point of the Krebs cycle, formed by the combination of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate.
What is citric acid (or citrate)?
This is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is oxygen?
Enzymes are typically this type of macromolecule, which is made up of amino acids.
What is a protein?
This type of respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and produces less ATP compared to aerobic respiration.
What is anaerobic respiration or fermentation?
This molecule is produced in glycolysis and carries electrons to the electron transport chain.
What is NADH?
The Krebs cycle occurs in this part of the cell.
What is the mitochondrial matrix?
: The electron transport chain occurs in this part of the cell.
What is the inner mitochondrial membrane?
This model of enzyme action suggests that the enzyme’s active site undergoes a change in shape to better fit the substrate.
What is the induced fit model?
This enzyme regulation occurs when the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme that catalyzes an early step in the pathway.
What is feedback inhibition?
Glycolysis occurs in this part of the cell.
What is the cytoplasm?
This molecule is the final product of the Krebs cycle, which will combine with acetyl-CoA to start the cycle again.
What is oxaloacetate?
The energy from the electrons passing through the electron transport chain is used to pump this ion into the intermembrane space.
What is protons (H+)?
This is the effect of temperature and pH on enzyme activity, where each enzyme has an optimal range.
What is enzyme specificity or optimal conditions?
This type of inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to the enzyme's active site, preventing the substrate from binding.
What is competitive inhibition?
The net ATP production in glycolysis is this number.
What is 2 ATP?
During the Krebs cycle, this molecule is produced in high quantities and carries electrons to the electron transport chain.
What is NADH?
This enzyme uses the proton gradient created by the electron transport chain to synthesize ATP.
What is ATP synthase?
Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions by providing this type of environment.
What is a favorable reaction environment or a microenvironment?
The process of increasing the concentration of substrate will overcome this type of enzyme inhibition.
What is competitive inhibition?
This enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis, phosphorylating glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.
What is hexokinase?
The Krebs cycle generates this many ATP (or GTP) per cycle through substrate-level phosphorylation.
What is 1 ATP (or 1 GTP)?
The movement of protons down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase is an example of this process, which generates ATP.
What is chemiosmosis?