Organelles
What basic structure makes up all living organisms?
cell
This organelle acts as the control center of the cell and holds the DNA and chromosomes
nucleus
What general shape do animal cells usually have compared to rectangular plant cells
circular, oval, or blob shape
This green organelle in plant cells absorbs sunlight to carry out photosynthesis and make glucose
chloroplast
What is the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms
growth, repair, reproduction
In 1665, which scientist used a simple microscope to observe cork cells for the first time?
Robert Hooke
This jelly-like fluid fills the inside of all cells and holds the organelles in place
cytoplasm
Name the two organelles found in plant cells that are NOT found in animal cells
chloroplasts and the cell wall
Known as the powerhouse of the cell, this organelle releases energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
mitochondria
Mitosis results in two daughter cells that have this genetic relationship to the parent cell
genetically identical
Finish the statement, cell theory states that all cells come from _________.
pre-existing cells
This structure stores water, nutrients, and waste for the cell
vacuole
How do the vacuoles in a plant cell different from those in an animal cell[
plants have one large central vacuole, while animal cells have many small vacuoles
The spreading out of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called this.
diffusion
List the 6 stages of the full cell cycle in the correct order
Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis
Finish this statement, All organisms contain one or more______.
Cells
This network of folded membranes transports substances like proteins and fats throughout the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
This tough, rigid outer boundary surrounds the cell membrane in plants and bacteria to provide shape and support
cell wall
Osmosis is specifically the movement or diffusion of this molecule across a membrane
water
During which major stage of the cell cycle does the cell spend time growing, synthesizing DNA, and preparing for division
Interphase
Explain why the cell theory is considered a theory that evolved over time rather than an idea created by just one person
multiple scientists contributed to it over many years using improved microscope technology
Present in ALL cells, this structure controls what moves in and out of the cell
cell membrane
A child and an apple tree are very different, but list two basic characteristics or processes they share
they are both made of cells and both undergo cell division, metabolism, growth, or gas exchange
If a beaker has pure water on the left side and water with high salt concentration on the right side, which way will the water move during osmosis
to the right (toward the salt/higher concentration)
Name the final stage of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm splits to form two separate cells
Cytokinesis