Scientific Foundations of Psychology
In an experiment, the independent variable is the one that
What is the variable that is manipulated or changed by researchers
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the
What is the hippocampus
People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their
What is cones
A four-year-old child frequently pulled on the dog’s tail to gain attention. To reduce this undesirable behavior, the parent took away one hour of television viewing every time the child pulled the dog’s tail. Within one week, the undesirable behavior was significantly reduced. The above scenario illustrates
What is negative punishment.
the power of retaining and recalling past experience
What is memory?
As ice cream sales increase so do instances of snakebites. Which of the following can be concluded from this correlation?
What is There is a positive correlation between snakebites and ice cream sales
A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
What is difficulty with speech production
An individual’s ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called
What is selective attention
In Ivan Pavlov's experiments in classical conditioning, the dog's salivation was
both an unconditioned and a conditioned response
the processing of information into the memory system
What is encoding?
Ethical principles developed by the American Psychological Association help ensure that human participants in psychological research
What is are protected from physical and psychological harm
What brain structure is most associated with the emotion of fear?
What is the Amygdala
analysis that begins with the sense receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information.
What is bottom up processing
Madeline wants her son to be well-behaved when they go to church. For every five minutes he sits still, she gives him a piece of candy. What type of learning is Madeline employing?
What is operant conditioning
When an eyewitness to a car accident is asked to describe what happened, which test of memory is being used?
What is recall
Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures that
What is each person in the town has the same probability of being chosen for the study
What biological system is most likely responsible for an increase in heart rate while experiencing anxiety?
What is the sympathetic nervous system
information processing guided by higher-level mental process, as when we construct perceptions drawing out our experience and expectation
What is top down processing
in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
What is the conditioned response (CR)
These are the three basic processes of memory
Encoding= Translating into neural code
Storage= Retained over time
Retrieval= Pulled back out
An illusory correlation is best defined as a
What is a perceived relationship where one does not exist
What term describes the brain’s adaptation to a drug’s chemistry, requiring larger and larger doses to experience the same effect?
What is tolerance?
The process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
What is sensation
Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs, classical conditioning
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
What is flashbulb memory?