Don't be a judgy person
For a belief to be an attitude, it must be...
fairly stable
What is a cognitive bias?
unconscious, systematic tendencies to interpret information in a way that is neither rational nor based on objective reality.
What is prejudice?
a negative preconception held against people within a certain group or social category.
If you were studying for a test, which type of attention would you need?
Sustained attention
Name one biological factor which influences visual perception?
the eye, colour blindness, short-sightedness, depth cues,
Attributing someone's behaviour to their psychological state is an examples of an
Internal attribution
What is most likely to not be present in an attitude, thus causing cognitive dissonance?
Behavioural component
What is discrimination?
the unjust treatment of people due to their membership of a certain group or social category.
Describe a situation when divided attention is needed?
Driving, working etc
Name two psychological factors which influence visual perception?
Visual perception principles (gestalt), visual constancies, perceptual set
What are the three components of an attitude?
Affective, behavioural, cognitive
What is the false consensus bias?
the tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share the same ideas and attitudes that we do.
Explain the process of how discrimination occurs? What are the steps/things that must be present before and how does it flow? e.g. something causes something which causes...
Stereotypes causes prejudice which causes discrimination
What are the three stages in sensation?
Reception, transduction, transmission
Describe how culture influences gustatory perception?
social factors, what we are raised on normalises types of foods
What is fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to explain other people's behaviour in terms of internal factors while ignoring possible external factors.
How can someone reduce their cognitive dissonance?
Change their thoughts and feelings to match their behaviour OR change their behaviours to match their thoughts and feelings
What is the difference between stigma and prejudice?
Prejudice is the negative preconception or feeling someone has towards another person in a certain group.
Stigma is the feeling of shame experienced by the person as a result of prejudice and discrimination
What are the three stages in perception and where does this occur?
Selection, organisation, interpretation
The brain
Describe what perceptual set is and why it influences how we see and taste things? Describe what influences perceptual set
Expectancy about what we will see or taste based on experience.
Feelings, memories, experiences
What is a stereotype and give an example of one that is widely held?
A widely held belief and generalization about a group such as about people, animals and objects
Explain self-serving bias, and why we use it?
the tendency to attribute success to internal character and action and attribute our failures to external factors or situations. It helps us feel better about failure because we don't have to examine ways in which we should change to get better.
What is the difference between direct and indirect discrimination?
Direct - someone treated unfairly because they are a member of the group.
Indirect - when a rule or practice applies to everyone and it disadvantages some as a result
Name five components of an eye?
Lens, retina, optic nerve, vitreous humour, cornea, iris, rods, cones, pupil, fovea
What are the three causes of visual illusions?
Something in our external environment
Something physiological Something psychological