8.6
which empire gradually spread into the Khmer territory of present-day Vietnam?
Champa Empire (reminds me of Champa rice), it led to conflicts and the French changed the borders frequently
What were the results of the 1948 Palestine War?
Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., Mandela
Gandhi = led millions in India to resist British Empire, satyagraha, salt march
King Jr. = dismantled racial injustice in US, stirred nation's conscience
Mandela = Took up arms against South Africa's apartheid. Became president, built new democracy, imprisoned 27 years
What was detente?
relaxation of strained relations between nations, helped by SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) which froze the # of nuclear weapons each country could have, betw. Nixon and Brezhnev, detente ended when Soviets invaded Afghanistan
What was INF?
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty = restriced immediate-range nukes, lowered risk of nuclear war, made other countries relieved
What was the Khmer Rouge?
They took over Cambodia in 1975, renamed it Democratic Kampuchea. They sought to regain control of historically Khmer territory - invaded by Vietnam 1978
What was the Six-Day War in 1967?
Israel invaded Egypt during the Suez Crisis over shipping lane access in the Straits of Tiran, Israel and Egypt went to war, Jordan and Syria joined Egypt. Israel took the Sinai Peninsula and other territories (they won)
What was the Shining Path?
Maoist insurgency, led by Abimael Guzman. In the Andes region, villages decimated and peasants killed
Soviet and US difficulties during Cold War
Soviet Union: economic crisis, foreign trade limited, Eastern european bloc countries wanted independence + reforms, had arguments with China along shared border
US: Vietnam War was expensive and unpopular, economy suffering, they sold excess grain to USSR
What did Gorbachev do that led to the fall of the Soviet Union?
1. ended support for satellite countries and communist regimes - people then wanted more freedom/independence
2. Warsaw Pact dissolved and Berlin Wall torn down
3. Soviet Republics began declaring independence, Russia was the most powerful one
4. Gorbachev's downfall = downfall of USSR, ended 1991
What was the India Partition?
What was the Yom Kippur War?
Egypt and Syria launched surprise attack on Jewish holy day (Yom Kippur), they wanted to take back Sinai Peninsula for Egypt and Golan Heights for Syria - Israel was able to repel attacks, but peninsula went back to Egypt. US and Soviet Union gained naval vessels during it, part of Cold War/proxy war
Who was Prime Minister Imre Nagy and what was the Brezhnev Doctrine?
Imre Nagy = Hungarian prime minister, declared independence from Soviet Union, executed by Red Army
Brezhnev Doctrine = codified Soviet Union's right to intervene in any Eastern Bloc country that strayed from them
Soviets invaded Afghanistan to help Afghan gov. fight against Muslim fighters. Ended detente, caused deaths. Reagan sent aid to Afghanistan and called USSR "evil empire," many civilians homeless, Soviets withdrew in 1989, but a civil war in Afghanistan continued.
What was the relationship between Reagan and Gorbachev like?
They weren't enemies, tensions were low, they created a working relationship and didn't hate each other
What was the UN's plan for Palestine?
To divide it into separate Jewish and Arab states, and Jerusalem would be a special international center.
Indira Gandhi, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Julius Nyerere
Gandhi = 3rd prime minister of India, Green Revolution, nationalized coal mines, export-import (EXIM) policy
Bandaranaike = Sri Lanka, grant land to landless peasants, remove foreign control and create equitable dist. of wealth
Nyerere = Tanzania (formed from merging of former colonies Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 1st pres., "Ujamaa" (communal living), nationalized key industries, "familyhood"
What was the IRA and ETA?
IRA = Irish Republican Army, seeking to end British rule and unite Ireland, used violence and guerilla tactics. left thousands dead
ETA = Basque Homeland and Freedom, Spain, used violence and fear for their independence demands
What was SDI?
Reagan's plan, Strategic Defense Initiative - nicknamed "star wars" = defended US from any Soviet missile attacks (destroyed the missiles), made USSR worried because they couldn't match the system, start of arms race in space
What were some positive results of the Cold War ending?
economic interactions expanded, people were more interconnected, new democracies, change in political alliances
What was the Balfour Declaration?
1917- it supported the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. It was seen as a violation of the McMahon-Hussein correspondence, in which Britain had agreed to recognize Arab independence.
Metropole is a former colonizing country. Examples were people from Vietnam and Algeria moving to France, People from India/Pakistan moving to Britain, etc. this is a good example of diasporic communities in imperial metropoles.
What was the military-industrial complex?
What were Gorbachev's economic plans?
Perestroika and Glasnost: perestroika = free enterprise and glasnost = opened sov. society and greater freedom
What were some negative effects of the end of the Cold War?
economic inequality, genocide, terrorism, environmental degradation, global epidemics