Name fallacy(or just explain what’s wrong) from an argument I
Some form 1 who still have hopes and dreams, “I get a 56 percent on my last maths exam, which means I going to fail CSEC maths, and when I fail CSEC maths I will cant do form 6 or get a degree, and then I won’t find a job, and when I don’t find a job I’ll be homeless and be forced to join a gang, and when I join a gang I’ll be shoot up and die at the age of 25”
The Slippery Slope Fallacy
-occurs when someone argues that a relatively small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of somewhat related events with significant, often negative consequences, without providing evidence that such a progression is inevitable. It is a form of exaggeration that assumes a dramatic outcome based on an initial, often minor, action.
“My padna was with a saghs girl who turn out to be unfaithful, therefore all saghs gyal not good”
What is a hasty generalisation fallacy
a logical fallacy where a conclusion is drawn based on a small or unrepresentative sample, essentially jumping to a broad conclusion with insufficient evidence
Comparing apples and oranges fallacy (also called false equivalence, false equivalency or false analogy fallacy)-
What is a fallacy that occurs when someone compares two things that are fundamentally different in a way that makes the comparison illogical or irrelevant, usually on the grounds of a similarity that has no bearing on the current argument.
Eg: “Your pet goldfish should be able to fetch , my dog Brownie is also a pet and he can fetch”
What is the straw man fallacy
A fallacy where someone misrepresents, exaggerates, or distorts another persons argument to make it easier to attack or refute. Instead of engaging with the actual argument, they argue against a weaker, oversimplified, or extreme version of it. (an argument made of straw)
“Either you’re for the death penalty, or you don’t believe in justice.”
What is the false dilemma fallacy (also called the false dichotomy fallacy, the black-and-white fallacy, either-or fallacy, and the bifurcation fallacy).
A false dilemma creates the illusion of only two choices when, in reality, more options are available.
Attacking the person fallacy ( also called the ad hominem fallacy, name calling fallacy, the personal attack fallacy, or *poisoning the well* )
What is a fallacy that focuses on discrediting or targeting your opponent based of their character or past action, rather than the argument they made.
Eg-
Tom: “I think we should recycle more to help the environment.”
Jerry: “Why we should listen to you about the environment? You get a 5 in geography!”
Note apparently there is a difference between ad hominem and poisoning the well :/
Eg: Poisoning the well-
Tom *about to say something*
Jerry “Before Tom open the big dotish hole in he face call he mouth just know he rel stupid cuz he get a 5 in geography”
“Why should we focus on global warming when there are so many other problems in the world, like poverty?”
What is the red herring fallacy
A Red Herring fallacy occurs when someone introduces an irrelevant topic or argument beyond the parameters of the motion to distract from the original issue being discussed.
“Ai will continue advancing and will take over the world in the next couple decades, our future generations are doomed”— yuh granny after being on Facebook too long.
What is the future Fallacy (also known as Appeal to the Future)
- occurs when someone assumes that something will happen in the future based on insufficient evidence or without considering possible alternative outcomes. This fallacy often relies on predictions or hypotheticals without supporting data.
Cherry picking fallacy ( also called suppressing evidence, the fallacy of incomplete evidence, or Texas sharpshooter fallacy)
What is a fallacy where only evidence supporting an argument is selected and presented, while contradictory evidence, even very credible and substantial contradictory evidence is ignored.
Eg-
Uncle down the road “All these young doctors and articles saying smoking is bad, but back in my day, I remember seeing an ad that smoking was healthy, so I going with that.”
Tom, “I have a pet unicorn in my house who poops chocolate for me to eat when I am sad.”
Jerry, “That is the utterly outrageous claim”
Tom, “Do you have any evidence to say that I don‘t?”
jerry, ”……. This is why yuh fadda leave yuh….”
What is argument from ignorance (shifting the burden of proof)
Occurs when someone claims something must be true simply because there is no evidence to prove it false, essentially arguing that the lack of proof is proof itself
Statement "If someone is a practicing doctor, then they have to have a medical degree”
(note this first statement is an example of affirming the antecedent, which is a valid argument structure unlike the argument made below)
Incorrect argument: This person has a medical degree, therefore they must be a practicing doctor.
What is affirming the Consequent:
Structure:
If A, then B.
B is true.
Therefore, A must be true.
This fallacy occurs when someone argues that if a conditional statement is true, and the consequent (the then part) is true, then the antecedent (the if part) must also be true.
Appeal to emotion fallacy
What is a fallacy that occurs when someone tries to convince another person by evoking their feelings rather than providing evidence
Eg- Your mom- “Son can you watch your little brother for the evening please”
You, “No mom I have a test to study for”
Your mom, “Your lil brother does look up to you so much and you cya even spend some time with him, that’s okay doh do nothing for him ever again, if wolves eating him leave him to dead''
Yuh uncle “I playing the same numbers on lotto for the past 15 years cuz it must come eventually“
What is the Gamblers Fallacy-
The mistaken belief that past random events influence future random events, even when they are statistically independent.
Statement, “If someone does not have a medical degree, then they cannot be a practicing doctor“
(this statement above is an example of ‘denying the consequent’, which is a valid argument structure unlike the argument made below)
Incorrect argument: “He is not a practicing doctor, therefore he must not have his medical degree”
What is denying the antecedent
If not A then not B
Not B.
Therefore, not A.
Bandwagon fallacy (also called appeal to common belief, appeal to numbers, appeal to the masses or appeal to popularity fallacy )
The bandwagon fallacy happens when someone argues that something must be true, right, or good just because a lot of people believe it to be correct or partake in the action—even if there’s no real evidence to support it. It assumes that popularity equals correctness.
Eg: Everybody does go by this guy for physics and chem lessons so hence he must be the best lesson teacher in the whole of Trinidad.