Southern Society and Slavery
Industrial Revolution
Andrew Jackson
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Tennessee 2nd Constitution of 1834
100
What is the domestic slave trade?
Forced migration of enslaved people from the upper southern states to the Deep South to grow cotton, during the Antebellum period.
100
What 2 things did Eli Whitney invent?
Interchangeable Parts and the Cotton Gin.
100
What is "corrupt bargain?"
When the 1824 election ended with Andrew Jackson receiving the majority popular vote, John Quincy Adams won presidency and Henry Clay was elected as Secretary of State. They all ran in the election of 1824.
100
Who was involved during the nullification crisis?
South Carolina and the federal government confronted each other due to the tariffs because the South believed that the tariffs were unfair and unconstitutional.
South Carolina declares the taxes null and void. President Andrew Jackson signed a compromise, Tariffs of 1832, that lowered the tariffs.
As a result, because they were not satisfied, the state of South Carolina adopted the Ordinance of Nullification.
100
What were the issues of taxation in the TN constitution of 1796?
All the land in the state was taxed at the same rate. The Constitution of 1796 stated: “All lands liable to taxation in this state, held by deed, grant or entry, shall be taxed equal and uniform, in such manner that no one hundred acres shall be taxed higher than another.” In a similar vein, there was no tax on goods bought or sold in Tennessee.
200
Who is Nat Turner?
A slave who was able to read and who was viewed as a prophet and organized an rebellion. The uprising began with the killing of Turner’s owner, and within 24 hours, the enslaved rebels managed to kill 60 white people. The revolt was ultimately crushed by law enforcement, and Turner and 13 other slaves were executed. The insurrection terrified white Southerners and resulted in the formulation of even more stringent legal codes governing the behavior of enslaved people.
200
What is urbanization?
The growth of factories in the North contributed to urbanization, an increase in the population and physical size of cities, as people immigrated to the United States.
200
What is the Indian Removal Act?
The Indian Removal Act was a law in the United States that was passed in 1830. It became a law when President Andrew Jackson signed it. It gave the President the power to force Native American tribes to move to land west of the Mississippi River, because they wanted the land to grow cotton.
200
What is the Ordinance of Nullification?
The Tariffs issued in 1832 by the federal government would be considered unconstitutional, therefore unenforceable in the territory of South Carolina.
This led to the Nullification Crisis wherein the federal government and the South Carolina state government prepared their military to face each other.
However, further talks and negotiations resulted in the Compromise Tariff of 1833, which satisfied the South Carolinians because it gradually lowered the tariffs through a 10 year process.
200
Why did Tennessee desperately need to amend the Constitution of 1796?
In the period between 1796 and 1834, the population of Tennessee grew at a large percentage. In 1800, Tennessee’s population was 105,602, and by 1830, the population had grown to 681,904. By 1830, Tennessee could no longer be considered the frontier. Tennessee had an urban population of over 5,000. The Constitution that governed those first Tennesseans, a few thousand rural settlers, was now becoming stressed trying to govern a population reaching nearly 700,000.
300
What was the most important cash crop in America during the time of slavery?
Cotton
300
Explain the effects of the Gibbons vs. Ogden case.
In this decision, Chief Justice John Marshall's Court ruled that Congress has the power to regulate trade and that federal law takes precedence over state laws.
300
What is the spoils system?
a. Holding out on a vote until it “spoils.”
b. Giving jobs to your supporters.
c. The reward for winning.
d. Refers to when one individual is evil, it spoils their cabinet and turns them all evil.
B. Andrew Jackson introduced the spoils system after winning the 1828 presidential election. In the spoils system, the president appoints people to government jobs specifically because they are loyal to him and to his political party. Education, experience, and wealth do not matter.
300
What is Worcester Vs. Georgia?
This case was filed by Worcester who claimed that his family’s forced removal was a violation of his constitutional rights. He believed the state of Georgia overstepped their boundaries.
The Supreme Court of the United States ruled in favor of Worcester because they found the state to have violated his 14th Amendment rights. The 14th Amendment does not allow any government in the United States to block a citizen’s right to pursue “life, liberty, and happiness.” Furthermore, this case required the government to treat all American citizens in a respectful manner. Any attempt to overstep their boundaries will be deemed a violation of the constitution.
300
What did the Constitution of 1834 amend about the Constitution of 1796?
The constitution removed property requirements from the list of qualifications for legislators and the governor. Local justices of the peace, county trustees, and county registers were now popularly elected. Predictably, the tax structure of the state was changed. All property was to be taxed according to its value, and the new constitution gave the counties the power to impose taxes for county purposes.
400
What was life like for a slave?
During the picking season, slaves worked from sunrise to sunset with a ten-minute break at lunch; many slaveholders tended to give them little to eat, since spending on food would cut into their profits. Other slaveholders knew that feeding slaves could increase productivity and therefore provided what they thought would help ensure a profitable crop. The slaves’ day didn’t end after they picked the cotton; once they had brought it to the gin house to be weighed, they then had to care for the animals and perform other chores. Indeed, slaves often maintained their own gardens and livestock, which they tended after working the cotton fields, in order to supplement their supply of food.
400
Explain the push and pull factors of Irish and German immigration to the US during the Industrial Revolution.
Germans: Push factors are the reasons why people left Germany, such as persecution, fear, natural disasters, poverty and unemployment. Pull factors are the reasons why people moved to the United States of America in search of freedom, safety, stability and new opportunities.
Irish: Some push factors include lack of jobs, famine from potato blight, persecution, lack of freedom, and war. Pull factors include Irish immigrants fleeing to America to escape from the threat of more natural disasters, death and poverty. Irish migrants responded to the prospects of employment, increased wealth and a better standard of living in America. They found employment on the railroads, large construction projects and in the coal mine
400
What were the two sides of the “Bank War?” How did Andrew Jackson’s actions during this issue help him gain popularity?
The "Bank War" was an issue between the struggle of ordinary, common people versus a materialistic, wealthy class who cared only about their own selfish desires. Jackson understood the people’s anger and distrust toward the bank, so he vetoed the bill so there was no re-charter. He was nicknamed the "Champion of Common Man."
400
What is the Trail of Tears?
In 1838 and 1839, As part of the Indian removal policy, Native Americans were forced to give up their lands and migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. This nine-state journey was names "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects and harsh conditions.
400
What year was the 2nd Constitution of TN made?
1834
500
What is the cotton gin?
The gin separated the sticky seeds from the fibers in short-staple cotton, which was easy to grow in the deep South but difficult to process. The gin improved the separation of the seeds and fibers but the cotton still needed to be picked by hand.
500
What benefits did the Transportation Revolution bring to trade and daily life?
The Transportation Revolution enabled goods, people, and information to travel rapidly and efficiently across the United States.
500
Andrew Jackson was the ____ president.
7th
500
What was Andrew Jackson's nickname?
"Champion on Common Man"
500
Who was the "qualified voter" that was discussed in the 1834 TN Constitution?
White men.