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Soil Composition

100

what are the 3 main components of soil

minerals, organic matter, water

200

This component of soil is primarily made up of decayed plant and animal matter

organic matter

300

this component of soil helps to retain moisture and nutrients

clay

400

this is the largest particle in soil which provide good drainage but poor nutrient retention

sand

500

this component of soil is essential for plant growth and often added as fertilizer

nutrients 

Soil Types

100

this soil is known for its ablility to retain moisture and nutrients

loam

200

this soil has very fine particles and can become waterlogged 

clay

300

this one is gritty and drains quickly 

sandy soil

400

this soil is rich in organic matter and has a dark color

humus

500

this soil is often found in arid regions and contains high levels of salt

saline soil

Soil Formation

100

this process is involves breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller particles contributing to soil formation

weathering 

200

the accumulation of organic material from decaying plants and animals contributes to this layer of soil

topsoil

300

this weathering involves the physical breakdown of rocks without chemical change

mechanical weathering

400

involves chemical alteration of minerals in rocks 

chemical weathering

500

the movement of soil and rock from one location to another by water, wind, ice is what?

erosion

Soil Erosion

100

this human activity is a major cause of soil erosion leading to loss of topsoil

deforestation

200

planting crops in rows parallel to the contours of the land to reduce soil erosion

contour plowing 

300

the removal of vegetation which leads to soil erosion is caused by what 

overgrazing 

400

this erosion occurs when water flows over the surface of the soil removing a thin layer

sheet erosion

500

this term describes the wearing away of soil by wind action

wind erosion 

Soil Conservation

100

this involves planting different crops in a specific sequence to improve soil health

crop rotation

200

the planting of trees and shrubs to act as a barrier against wind erosion 

windbreaks

300

this soil conservation method involves creating terraces on slops to reduce runoff

terracing

400

planting cover crops during the off season to protect soil from erosion

cover cropping

500

this method of soil conservation involves leaving crop residues on the field after harvest to protect soil

no-till farming