Research Methods
When should participants recieve a debriefing?
At the end of their participation / experiment
Transfering incoming information into a usable form is the stage of memory that is called...
a. retrieval
b. encoding
c. storage
B. Encoding
What part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating levels of consciousness?
The brain stem
This is the stage of memory when information is successfully brought to mind from storage.
(retrieval, storage or encoding)
retrieval
You tie your shoelaces in the morning without needing to focus on each step
Procedural memory
Name the 6 ethical considerations
Right to withdrawal, Confidentiality, Informed Consent, Voluntary Participation, Deception, Debriefing
What is the storage capacity of long-term memory?
Unlimited
What is selective attention?
When you pay attention to some stimuli while ignoring others.
What is the problem with trying to remember a mobile phone number? (think short term memory)
Limited capacity - only able to remember up to 7 (+/- 2) digits.
You remember the first time you met your best friend and the conversation you had.
Episodic
The processes in research begins with ___________ and ends with _______________. (clue: think of the first step of designing an experiment and the last thing you do in an experiment)
Identifying a research question, writing a report.
What are the 3 stages of memory according to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?
Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
Stage of sleep in which dreaming takes place.
REM Sleep
People use these patterns of letters or ideas to help them remember things.
(e.g chunking, rhymes, acronyms ..)
mnemonic devices
You recall the exact details of the last conversation you had with a close friend
Episodic
Researchers conducted an experiment on test anxiety with three groups. In the first group, the students studied for only 20 minutes and then took an exam. The second group studied for one hour and then took an exam. The third group spent several hours studying before taking the exam. In this experiment, the independent variable is...
the amount of time spent studying
You only hold this memory for a fraction of a second
Sensory memory
What is it called when an individual simultaneously focuses on two or more stimuli, or can undergo two or more tasks?
Divided attention
This is the process of grouping items together to make them easier to remember
Chunking
You know that Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet, even though you’ve never read it
Semantic
Explain the difference between the controlled and uncontrolled variables.
Controlled: factors that researchers intentionally keep constant to ensure they do not influence the outcome of the experiment.
Uncontrolled: factors that are not kept constant and may vary, potentially affecting the experiment's outcome in unpredictable ways.
This is a technique used to store information in your short-term memory for a longer period of time, but is unlikely to encode it into long-term memory.
maintenance rehearsal
List 5 states of conciousness
Any 5 of the following: selective attention, divided attention, daydreaming, meditation, hypnosis, asleep, anaesthesia, coma.
What type of memory do we consciously work to encode?
(it takes effort to form, store and recall)
Declarative (or explicit) memory.
You shift your weight and swing your arms when running
Procedural