Lombroso
What school of thought was Lombroso part of?
The Positive School
Do criminologist still believe that criminals are born criminals?
No
Positivism focuses on...
knowledge based on evidence
In the Middle Ages crime was sin blamed on...
demons, the devil, and witchcraft
He proposed the idea that people are born criminals in what work of his?
Criminal Man
Biological explanations for criminal behavior was used to justify what extremely unethical practice?
Eugenics
Positivism uses ________ to study crime and human behavior.
Scientific methods
In the Middle Ages punishment for the same crime could varry greatly because...
punishment was based on wealth, status, and rank
Critics challenged these views because they ignore...
Social, economic, and environmental factors that shape criminal behavior
Labeling people as inherently criminal could create?
Stigmatization
What aspect of positivism is still important/used in modern criminology?
Using scientific research and evidence to study crime
The classical school was founded during the ______ period.
Enlightenment
Biological determinism suggests?
Criminal behavior is innate and unchangeable
What is the importance of context?
It show us that so much more than biology contributes to criminal behavior
Are early theories of positivism considered valid? Why or why not?
They are not because of poor science and evidence, and ethical concerns
Classical Assumptions were?
free will, rationality, hedonism
What facial characteristics did he believe belong to a criminal?
Sloping foreheads, asymmetrical faces, and large jawbones
Lombroso's theories are reductionist because it has an...
over emphasis on biology that ignores social and environmental factors
From what context did positivism form?
From demonology, to classical school, to positive school
In modern criminology at lot of research discovers _______, this goes against the positivism concept of knowledge based on scientifically proven cause and effect.
correlation