Vocab
What is a gene?
What plant did Mendel study?
Peas
What color of eyes would the offspring have if you crossed two people who both had brown eyes?
Brown eyes
What two atoms is water made up of?
Oxygen and hydrogen
Where does transcription take place in eukaryotes?
What is an allele?
The variation of a gene
Mendel used self-pollinating peas. What does this mean?
Peas that can fertilize themselves
genotype = bb
phenotype = blonde hair
How many bases does DNA have?
4
What helps transfer amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous is something that is the same while heterozygous is something that is different
What did Mendel discover after his first cross? (this is when he crossed a tall pea plant with a short pea plant)
All the offspring were tall
After crossing a parent who is BB and another person who is bb, what is the only possible outcome for the offspring?
Bb
What are the four types of carbohydrates?
Simple sugars, complex carbohydrates, starch, and cellulose
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acids
What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?
Genotype is the genetic component while the phenotype is the physical feature
What principle did Mendel come up with after he crossed a tall pea plant and a short pea plant?
Principle of dominance
If red cherries (C) are dominant to purple cherries (c), and we crossed a red cherry with a purple cherry and got the genotypes, CC, Cc, Cc, cc, what is the probability of the cherry being purple?
25% or 1/4
What bond holds the sugar and phosphates together in a DNA strand?
Covalent bond
If the mRNA strand reads CUU AGG AUC CCC GGU AGU CCU GUA ACU, how many amino acids long is the protein?
9 amino acids long
What does the law of segregation state?
Alleles will separate when the gamete is forming
After Mendel crossed the F1 generation to itself, what was the outcome of the offspring?
3 tall plants and 1 short plant; the recessive allele reappeared
What are the possible combinations of crossing an individual with Bb and an individual with bb? If brown eyes (B) is dominant to blue eyes (b), what is the probability of the offspring having blue eyes?
Bb and bb; 50%
How are the strands in DNA oriented?
What are three differences between DNA and RNA?
RNA is single stranded, contains uracil, and contains the sugar ribose