What do Managers do?
According to management research, managers spend most of their time doing this rather than working alone.
What is interacting with other people?
This French management theorist focused on top managers and developed 14 principles of management to improve organizational efficiency.
Who is Henri Fayol?
This management theorist is most closely associated with the Human Relations Movement and the Hawthorne Studies.
Who is Elton Mayo?
According to this principle of management, each employee should report to only one supervisor.
What is Unity of Command?
The first component of James Rest's ethical decision-making model involves recognizing that a situation has an ethical or moral component.
What is Moral Sensitivity?
Daily Double: Taylor focused on optimizing individual worker performance, Fayol focused on directing the entire organization, and Weber focused on implementing strategy through this level of management.
What are middle managers?
Unlike Taylor, who focused on workers and tasks, this management approach focused on planning, organizing, directing, staffing, and controlling the entire organization.
What is administrative management theory?
Mary Parker Follett argued that the best way to resolve conflict is not domination or compromise, but this approach, in which both parties work together to find a solution that satisfies everyone.
What is integration?
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth became famous for developing these studies, which analyzed the movements workers made while performing tasks.
What are Motion Studies?
This step of the decision-making process occurs after alternatives have been analyzed and requires choosing one course of action.
What is Selecting an Alternative?
John Kotter found that successful managers spend approximately this percentage of their time working alone.
What is about 25 percent?
This German sociologist developed the concept of bureaucracy, emphasizing merit-based hiring, formal rules, and impersonal authority.
Who is Max Weber?
These famous studies conducted at the Western Electric plant in Cicero, Illinois, helped popularize the idea that employee attitudes and social interactions affect productivity.
What are the Hawthorne Studies?
This military strategist developed ideas such as divisions of labor, authority rankings, and coordination that still influence management today.
Who was Sun Tzu?
This final step in the decision-making process allows managers to learn from experience by assessing whether a decision achieved its intended results.
What is Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Decision?
According to Eccles and Nohria, managers use this primary activity to gather information, solve problems, develop relationships, negotiate meaning, and put plans into action.
What is verbal communication?
Scientific management improved efficiency at the worker level, while administrative and bureaucratic management complemented it by providing organizational structure, clear authority, and these two key elements.
What are formal rules and coordinated management systems?
In the Bank Wiring Room Study, workers limited output and enforced informal rules, demonstrating the power of these workplace groups.
What are informal groups or workplace cliques?
Daily Double: This ancient Babylonian ruler created a code consisting of 282 laws regulating business, behavior, and social interactions.
Who was Hammurabi?
In James Rest's model, this component involves determining which actions are right and which are wrong.
What is Moral Judgment?
Research shows that managers typically spend about this proportion of their work time engaged in verbal activities such as conversations, meetings, phone calls, and presentations.
What is two-thirds to three-quarters of their time?
This management researcher observed CEOs and found that managers frequently switch from task to task and spend much of their time in brief interactions.
Who is Henry Mintzberg?
Chester Barnard used this term to describe the range of orders that employees will accept and follow without resistance, provided the orders are understandable, reasonable, and aligned with organizational goals.
What is the zone of indifference?
An organization is implementing artificial intelligence, remote work policies, and sustainability initiatives to remain competitive.
What are Modern Management Practices?
According to the systematic process for making better nonprogrammed decisions, this is the first step and involves identifying a problem or opportunity that requires action.
What is recognizing that a decision needs to be made?