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What is an upward flowing current that occurs when a land breeze pushes surface water away from the coast
upwelling
What well known amorphous igneous rock has glass like texture and splits to form sharp edges
obsidian
What type of fault occurs when rocks on one side of a fault are shoved on top of the rocks on the other side of the fault
thrust fault
The material carried by a stream is it
load
The idea that the natural laws in operation today have existed throughout Earths history is the principle of
uniformity
What device do oceanographers use to measure the temperature at different levels and report them back to a surface ship
expendable bathythermograph
What are weaker earthquakes that often follow an earthquake at frequent intervals for months or days
aftershocks
What type of rocks consists of smooth pebbles embedded in hardened sand or clay
conglomerate rock
The middle layer of the earth, between the crust and core, is the
mantle
What are the circular paths that ocean currents move in called
gyres
What device has an open tube that is dropped to the sea floor to allow its weight to puncture sediment and bring up sediments samples
gravity corer
What is the largest group of minerals which composes over 90% of the earth's crust
silicates
What is the ability to duplicate an experiment several times while keeping all factors aa similar as possible between experiments and coming to the same conclusion?
repeatability
The 2 main factors that determine the density of seawater are temperature and
salinity
What type of weathering involves the breaking and peeling away of rocks into layers
exfoliation
What is a wave that grows taller and steeper as it travels to shore and topples forward with a white crest called
breaker
What type of volcano is made of alternating layers of lava and ash
What method of measuring an earthquakes strength is based on the earthquakes effects on people and structures
modified Mercalli scale
Rocks formed when other types of rocks are cooked by heat and pressure are called
metamorphic
What is the deepest known point in the sea
Mariana Trench/Challenger Deep
What gemstone consists or corundum with traces of iron or titanium that gives it a distinctive blue color
sapphire
What metal is used as fuel for nuclear reactors
uranium
The mass of foaming water formed when waves wash up onto a beach
surf
The device that uses underwater sound waves to determine the size, distance, and direction of objects is
sonar
What is the scientific name for the volume of the portion of the skull that includes the brain
cranial capacity