Basics of Chemistry
anything that has mass and takes up space
matter
molecule
A solution with a pH of 8 is ______________.
basic
What property do all lipids share?
They are hydrophobic.
four levels of protein structure
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
a collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons
an element
a chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
ionic bond
What is unique about the structure of water molecules and how they interact?
They are polar and form hydrogen bonds.
the type of reaction that ejects a water molecule and links monomers together
dehydration reaction
How does protein structure point to a creator?
The odds of them forming spontaneously are infinitesimal.
An atoms has 13 electrons. How many protons does it have?
13 protons
What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
Covalent bonds share electrons. Ionic bonds transfer electrons causing + and - charged ions.
an attractive force that holds molecules of the same substance together
cohesion
What type of fatty acid has double bonds?
unsaturated
the building blocks of DNA and RNA
nucleotides
List 4 of the 6 elements that are part of organic molecules.
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur
This gives you the type of and number of atoms in a molecule, but it also tells you which atoms are linked to each other.
structural formula
What does it mean that water has a high heat capacity?
It takes a lot of heat to raise the temperature. (bc hydrogen bonds take energy to break)
What is unique about the ratio of atoms in a carbohydrate molecule?
They have the same ratio of H to O as water (H2O)
How do enzymes work?
the lock and key model - substrate fits into active site; activation energy to start reaction is lowered.
What do all isotopes have in common, and what differs?
same number of protons - different number of neutrons
All compounds are ______________ but not all ____________________ are compounds.
molecules
the functional group that most organic bases have
an amino group
Give two examples of polysaccharides.
What are the 3 functional groups that amino acids contain?
a carboxyl group, an amino group, and an R group