Substrates and Products
Glycolysis begins with this 6-carbon molecule and ends with two molecules of this 3-carbon product
What is glucose and pyruvate?
Tonight we are young. This "fun." song describes what NADH/FADH2 do with electrons from glycolysis through the ETC.
What is "Carry on"?
The listed cofactors "carry on" electrons
This protein complex uses light energy to split water, producing electrons, protons, and O₂
What is photosystem II?
The carbon atoms that become part of a plant's sugars during photosynthesis originally enter the plant as this molecule.
What is CO2?
A plant is moved from bright sunlight into a dark closet. ATP and NADPH production from the light reactions will decrease because this input is missing.
What is light?
Unlike glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, the electron transport chain directly uses this molecule as its final electron acceptor and produces this molecule as a product.
What is O2 and H2O?
This hit song by Rihanna is all about making money similar to how ATP provides energy for the cell's ability to do this.
What is "Work"?
Energy is the ability to do work
This region of an enzyme binds its substrate and is directly involved in catalysis
What is the active site?
A single glucose molecule enters cellular respiration. This is how many CO2 molecules exit the system.
What is 6?
A person eats a carbohydrate-rich meal. Their cells break the carbohydrate down and use its carbon skeletons and electrons to make ATP. This is an example of this broad metabolic process
What is catabolism?
Before entering the citric acid cycle, pyruvate is converted into this 2-carbon molecule, while CO₂ and NADH are also produced
What is acetyl-CoA?
This Queen song is about escaping a toxic relationship and describes essentially what is happening to glucose during glycolysis where carbon molecules are split up.
What is "I Want to Break Free"?
Increasing temperature can initially increase enzyme activity, but temperatures that are too high can disrupt protein structure and are referred to as this
Before the citric acid cycle, each pyruvate loses one carbon atom. That carbon leaves the cell's metabolic pathway as this molecule.
What is CO2?
After sprinting, your muscle cells need ATP very quickly. When oxygen delivery can't keep up, they can use this pathway to regenerate NAD⁺.
What is lactic acid fermentation?
The citric acid cycle directly produces CO₂, ATP/GTP, and these two reduced electron carriers
What are NADH and FADH2
This TLC song is about staying away from unrealistic/destructive paths. It is also one of the products formed from the ETC (specifically in the form of continuously falling over an edge and creating a beautiful landmark).
What is "Waterfalls""
"Don't go chasing waterfalls"
A molecule that resembles an enzyme's substrate and blocks the active site is an example of this type of inhibition
What is competitive inhibition?
A scientist gives a plant CO₂ containing radioactive carbon. Where would you expect to find that radioactive carbon first: glucose, ATP, NADPH, or G3P?
What is G3P?
A farmer in a hot, dry climate wants to grow a crop that minimizes water loss while still performing photosynthesis. Of C3, C4, C5, and CAM plants, this type of plant would be best adapted to these conditions.
What are CAM plants?
The Calvin Cycle takes in this inorganic carbon molecule and uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to ultimately produce this 3-carbon sugar, which is a process is referred to as "fixing the carbon"
What are CO2 and G3P?
The Police sing a song about obsession with a crush, claiming they will always be watching them no matter what they say or do. It sounds a lot like what we do in order to provide our cells with oxygen to be used as the final electron acceptor in the ETC.
What is "Every Breath You Take"?
This protein complex is not technically part of the electron transport chain because it does not transfer electrons; instead, it uses the proton gradient generated by the ETC to make ATP
What is ATP synthase (Complex V)?
In the Calvin cycle, CO₂ is incorporated into an existing carbon-containing molecule through this enzyme
What is RuBisCo?
RuBP also accepted
Someone takes a medication that blocks the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Which process would be directly disrupted, causing ATP production to fall?
What is oxidative phosphorylation?