Category 1: Force & Light (SOL PS.8B & PS.7A)
This is calculated by multiplying the force applied to an object by the distance the object moves.
What is work?
Adding thermal energy to a solid causes it to undergo this phase change into a liquid.
What is melting?
Earth takes approximately 24 hours to complete one full turn on its axis, a movement known by this specific term.
What is rotation?
Known as the powerhouse of the cell, this organelle is responsible for breaking down glucose to release usable energy.
What is the mitochondrion?
This behavior occurs when light waves bounce off a smooth surface, like a mirror, changing direction.
What is reflection?
This unique property allows Earth to maintain stable temperatures and prevents lakes from freezing solid from the bottom up because its solid phase is less dense than its liquid phase.
What is water? (or water's density anomaly).
This daily phenomenon of rising and falling ocean levels is primarily caused by the gravitational pull of the moon combined with the rotation of Earth.
What are tides?
Scientists look at preserved remains of ancient organisms, known by this term, to find physical evidence of biological evolution over millions of years.
What are fossils?
This occurs when a light wave bends as it passes at an angle from one medium into another of a different density, such as air into water.
What is refraction?
This phase change occurs when a gas loses thermal energy and transforms directly back into a liquid, often seen as dew on morning grass.
What is condensation?
The constant spinning of Earth on its axis causes this familiar daily pattern where stars, the moon, and the sun appear to move across the sky.
What is day and night?
This is the highest and broadest level of biological classification used to group all living organisms before breaking them down into kingdoms.
What is a domain?
If a student pushes against a heavy brick wall with 100 Newtons of force for an hour and the wall does not move, this is the amount of work done.
What is zero Joules? (No movement means no work is accomplished).
Unlike most planets, Earth is unique because it can naturally support this molecule in all three physical states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
What is water (H2O)?
While Earth's revolution and tilt cause the seasons, this specific daily motion creates the cycle of daylight hours changing as a specific location faces toward or away from the sun.
What is rotation?
This structure, found only in plant cells and some protists, captures solar energy to perform photosynthesis, distinguishing them from animal cells.
What is a chloroplast?