Vikings & Portugal
This Viking landed in present-day Canada around the year 1000.
Who is Leif Eriksson?
In 1492 this sailor from Genoa reached islands in the Bahamas while attempting to reach Asia.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
This conquistador conquered the Aztec Empire beginning in 1519.
Who is Hernán Cortés?
The huge fleet of Spanish warships launched to defeat Protestant England in 1588.
What is the Spanish Armada?
Term for going all the way around the globe.
What is circumnavigate?
He never sailed on voyages himself but established a navigation school and observatory in Portugal.
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
This device determines location using the stars and helped sailors navigate on open seas.
What is the astrolabe?
The Spanish conquistador who captured the Inca capital at Cuzco.
Who is Francisco Pizarro?
This French explorer traveled up the Saint Lawrence River searching for a Northwest Passage.
Who is Jacques Cartier?
Term for large farms in the Americas that grew a single profitable crop.
What are plantations?
This Portuguese ship, smaller and more maneuverable with triangular sails, allowed sailors to sail against the wind.
What is the caravel?
Name the Portuguese explorer whose 1497 voyage rounded the southern tip of Africa to reach India.
Who is Vasco da Gama?
This disease and others greatly sped up the fall of Native American empires after European contact.
What is smallpox?
Name the hoped-for water route through North America that would give a shortcut to Asia.
What is the Northwest Passage?
Term for a document granting permission to start a colony.
Term for a document granting permission to start a colony.
Name the Viking ship design that was more stable on rough seas and helped early Norse voyages.
What is the longship?
This 1494 agreement moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles west to settle claims between Spain and Portugal.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This system allowed Spanish settlers to tax or require Native American labor and often resulted in severe mistreatment.
What is the encomienda system?
These French Protestant settlers who left for the Americas sought religious freedom.
Who are Huguenots?
Term for the religious movement begun by Martin Luther criticizing the Catholic Church.
What is the Protestant Reformation?
Explain one economic or political reason Portugal kept its exploration maps secret (short answer accepted).
To protect trade routes and maintain wealth/power by preventing rivals from using the routes.
Define the Columbian Exchange in one sentence (short answer accepted).
The transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, Africa, and Asia following contact.
Name one reason the Spanish were able to defeat large Native American empires despite being outnumbered (short answer).
Superior weapons, alliances with enemy groups of the empire, and European diseases.
Give one example of an early European settlement or colony in North America and which nation founded it (short answer).
Examples: Virginia (English charter), New France on the Saint Lawrence (France), New Amsterdam on Manhattan (Dutch), New Sweden on Delaware River (Swedes).
Define “encomienda” in one short sentence (short answer).
A system granting settlers the right to tax Native Americans or require their labor (often exploited as forced labor).