Atomic Structure
What two subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
What type of mixture has a uniform composition throughout?
Homogeneous mixture/Solution
What property causes water molecules to stick to each other?
Cohesion
What are the starting substances in a chemical reaction called?
Reactants
What is the cloud of gas and dust where stars begin their life cycle?
Nebula
Which subatomic particle has a negative charge and very little mass?
Electron
What type of mixture does not have a uniform composition?
Heterogeneous mixture
What property causes water molecules to stick to different substances?
Adhesion
What are the substances formed in a chemical reaction called?
Products
What graph compares the luminosity and temperature of stars?
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
Which particles determine most of an atom's mass?
Protons and neutrons
An element contains one type of atom, while a compound contains two or more elements that are chemically combined.
What property allows insects to walk on water?
surface tension
How many atoms of an element are present in a molecule.
What color are the hottest stars?
Blue
Which state of matter is the most ordered?
Solid
What is a pure element that exists as two bonded atoms called?
Diatomic element
How do acids and bases differ in water?
Acids release hydrogen ions, while bases release hydroxide ions.
Why must chemical equations be balanced?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed, so the number of atoms must stay equal on both sides of the equation.
What are the three main types of galaxies?
Spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies
Why do electrons not significantly affect atomic mass?
Because electrons have very little mass compared to protons and neutrons.
What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
A molecule is two or more atoms bonded together, while a compound contains atoms from different elements chemically combined.
Why can acids and bases conduct electricity?
Because ions in the solution allow electric current to flow.
What are the four main types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis, decomposition, replacement, and combustion reactions
What is the Big Bang Theory?
The universe began expanding from a single point and continues expanding today.