Word Meanings
Determine the meaning of the word “plow” as it is used in the following sentence.
“If you plow- pushing your board through an increased area of snow,...- you will slow down.”
to push through something
principle of descriptive writing when items
are arranged in the order of their physical location or
correlation
Description or Spatial Order
What type of irony is this? (Dramatic, Situational, or Verbal)
The reader or audience knows more than the characters. -There’s a monster in the basement.
Dramatic
What is the difference between main idea and theme?
Main idea: a short summary of what the text was about.
Theme: the lesson/moral that you learn from the text.
What does the word conflicting mean? How does this passage provide conflicting information to the "snowboarding" text?
A talented snowboarder defies the laws of physics as they fly through the air performing aerial acrobatics and tricks. They twist and turn with the greatest of ease, land perfectly almost every time, and effortlessly flip themselves through the air by knowing exactly where to grab the board. Their graceful movements seem to sing with poise. Snowboarders are truly dancers whirling in a snowstorm down a mountain.
This passage speaks on the skills or presentation of a snowboarder while the "snowboarding" text discusses the physics of the sport.
Determine the meaning of the word “ composite” as it is used in the following sentence.
“ You prepare to rush down the mountain on a board that is made of composite or blended materials created specifically for the board.”
blended materials
to describe how two or more things are
similar and different
Compare and Contrast
What is the purpose of this sentence?
It is your technique and other principles of physics that keep you standing on your board during descent.
To inform the reader of the impact physics has on a person who snowboards.
The _________ is the most important idea a writer makes in a paragraph or passage. Sometimes a ___________ is stated directly in a key sentence or paragraph. Or other times it is implied by the details the writer provides.
Main Idea
What are three ways to signal a pause in a sentence?
comma, dash, ellipses
Determine the meaning of the word “friction” as it is used in the following sentence.
“ When your snowboard makes contact with the snow, it creates friction instead of allowing it to move freely.”
when two things make contact with each other and don't move freely
the order in which the events occurred, from first to last
Chronological Order
Which line in the text acknowledges that snowboarding requires more than understanding its physics?
Next time you strap on your snowboard and prepare to dash down the dazzling heights of a snow-covered mountain, think about the physics that are involved. Gravity, energy, and friction, as well as your own skill and talent, determine the success of your ride. Without the physics that surround us daily, you would not be able to enjoy this sport. Studying the relationship between these principles and your goals may actually make you a better athlete and help you to experience the perfect ride!
Gravity, energy, and friction, as well as your own skill and talent, determine the success of your ride.
What is the main idea of this section?
Friction is the force that resists the movement of an object across a surface, usually because of small bumps or dents. When your snowboard makes contact with the snow, it creates friction. The heat that is made as a result of this friction melts a very small amount of snow, creating a thin layer of water, which lubricates your board. This lubrication actually increases your speed down the mountain as the melted snow reduces friction. You may think that you are making a run on the snow itself, but without this thin layer of water, you wouldn’t go very far or very fast. By changing your center of gravity on the board, which changes the direction of your descent, you are changing the area of your board that is gliding on the water. Turns increase friction and reduce your kinetic energy, which explains the resulting decrease in your speed as you change the direction of your ride. If you plow—pushing your board through an increased area of snow, creating more friction—you will slow down. The perfect ride requires that the board maintain an adequate amount of friction to keep the thin layer of water between you and the surface of the snow.
Friction is caused when your snowboard makes contact with the snow, and it helps you move down the hill by creating lubrication from the friction/heat.
What does it mean to write objectively?
To write without any opinion or bias.
What is the difference between connotation and denotation?
Denotation: dictionary definition of a text
Connotation: the feeling that a word conveys
What text structure is being presented in this paragraph? Friction is the force that resists the movement of an object across a surface, usually because of small bumps or dents. When your snowboard makes contact with the snow, it creates friction. The heat that is made as a result of this friction melts a very small amount of snow, creating a thin layer of water, which lubricates your board. This lubrication actually increases your speed down the mountain as the melted snow reduces friction. You may think that you are making a run on the snow itself, but without this thin layer of water, you wouldn’t go very far or very fast. By changing your center of gravity on the board, which changes the direction of your descent, you are changing the area of your board that is gliding on the water. Turns increase friction and reduce your kinetic energy, which explains the resulting decrease in your speed as you change the direction of your ride. If you plow—pushing your board through an increased area of snow, creating more friction—you will slow down. The perfect ride requires that the board maintain an adequate amount of friction to keep the thin layer of water between you and the surface of the snow.
Cause and Effect
What type of irony is this? (Dramatic, Situational, or Verbal)
The opposite of what you expect to happen occurs. - A Cat chasing a dog.
Situational
What is the main idea of this section?
As you stand at the top of a mountain, gravity is exerting its force on you. Because of it, you remain standing on the planet instead of floating off into space. Have you ever wondered how it impacts the speed of the snowboard as you rush down the mountain? You use the gravitational potential energy at the top of the mountain by turning it into kinetic energy during the trip down. You are pulled by gravity, which transfers into the energy used to complete your ride. The steepness of the hill also impacts your speed, making you go faster, which is why most snowboarders prefer steeper mountains. However, you must prevent yourself from going too fast and losing your balance. It is your technique and other principles of physics that keep you standing on your board during the descent. Your own center of gravity changes your ability to stay upright—if you move beyond your base, you will fall. You must keep your center of gravity over the “riding edge”—the portion of the board that is in contact with the snow. Turns and skids can also influence your speed. Gravity pulls you and the snowboard down the mountain, but it is not the only principle at work. The amount of board exposed to the snow also is important to your run and your ability to maintain speed because of friction.
Gravity, working with other factors, is what helps you stay on your board and move down the mountain.
Claim vs. Counterclaim
A claim is the author's side of the argument. The counterclaim is the opposing side of the argument.
When the author of a text makes reference to another text or widely known subject.
Allusion
an organizational pattern where a problem is explained and remedies or solutions to the problem are discussed or propose
Problem and Solution
What type of irony is this? (Dramatic, Situational, or Verbal)
The speaker says something that he or she does not mean. - The speaker says “ Great Weather” during a thunderstorm.
Verbal
What is the main idea of this section?
You prepare to rush down the mountain on a board that is made of composite materials created specifically for this sport. The board is waxed, and you are ready to go. You anticipate the run down the crisp snow in the dazzling sunlight and the speed that you will experience. You imagine the thrill that awaits you as you shift your weight from side to side and zig-zag down the mountain, finally coming to a stop at the bottom. You have been working to increase your skills, learning stronger turns and greater control of the board. However, have you considered the science that allows your next thrill ride to be successful? The principles of physics are at work during your run. They allow you to experience the excitement of this extreme sport. Gravity, energy, and friction are principles that explain the ride of the snowboarder.
Introduces the idea that gravity, energy, and friction are principles that explain the ride of the snowboarder.
What is it called when you argue against the counterclaim and prove it wrong?
Rebuttal