Cell Basics
What is the liquid inside cells called?
Cytoplasm.
Which type of cell has a nucleus?
Eukaryotic.
What are organelles that are covered and protected by a membrane called?
Membrane-bound organelles.
What shape is the DNA in eukaryotic cells?
Linear.
Which type of cell is found in bacteria?
Prokaryotic.
What type of cell is simpler and smaller: prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic.
What shape of DNA do prokaryotic cells have?
Circular DNA.
What organelle is the protective compartment that stores DNA in eukaryotic cells?
The nucleus.
What is the membrane that surrounds the nucleus called?
The nuclear membrane.
Name the four eukaryotic kingdoms of Eukaryotic cells.
Protists, fungi, animals, and plants.
Explain why prokaryotic cells are considered the first type of organisms on Earth.
They are simpler and lack complex organelles, which suggests they evolved before eukaryotic cells.
Which cells have membrane-bound organelles, and why does this make them more complex?
Eukaryotic cells; membrane-bound organelles allow for specialized functions.
Which cells can perform more activities? Why?
Eukaryotic cells; they have membrane-bound organelles that specialize in different functions.
Where is DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?
In the nucleoid region.
Why do animal cells not have cell walls, but plant and fungal cells do?
Cell walls provide structural support that plants and fungi need, but animals have other support systems.
What are the four features that all cells have?
DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and ribosomes.
Which type of cells have ribosomes? What do ribosomes do?
Both; They make proteins for traits and life functions.
Name two membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells.
Any two of: Nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, chloroplasts (in plant cells), vacuoles
Which cells can live as unicellular organisms?
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
A scientist observes a cell that is large, has a nucleus, and many organelles. What type of cell is it?
A eukaryotic cell.
What is the protective barrier around a cell called, and what does it do?
The plasma membrane/cell membrane; it controls the movement of things in and out of the cell.
If a scientist finds a unicellular organism with a nucleus, is it a prokaryote or a eukaryote?
A eukaryote.
If you looked under a microscope and saw DNA floating in the cytoplasm, what type of cell would you be looking at?
A prokaryotic cell.
How does the location of DNA differ between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and what protects it in eukaryotic cells?
In prokaryotic cells, DNA is located in the nucleoid region and floats freely in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, DNA is located in the nucleus and is protected by the nuclear membrane.
A new organism is discovered. It is unicellular, has a plasma membrane, circular DNA, and no nucleus. What type of organism is it?
A prokaryotic organism.