Lava
Define volcano.
An opening in the earth’s surface through which hot gases, ash, and molten rock are ejected from the earth’s interior
Name the layers of the earth in order.
Crust, upper mantle, lower mantle, outer core, inner core
An earthquake caused by sudden movements of rock beneath the earth’s surface is a ?
Tectonic earthquake
What is the study of earthquakes called?
Seismology
Most of the earth’s surface is covered by deposits of sand and mineral fragments called ?
Sediments
The molten rock beneath the surface of the earth is called?
Magma
True/False : the inner core is thought to be liquid.
False - the inner core is thought to be solid
How are folded mountains formed?
By the edges of two adjacent tectonic plates pushing together
How do scientists determine the point where an earthquake begins?
Measuring travel time of seismic waves
What is the main difference between a dike and a sill?
Dike - vertical; sill - horizontal
What makes up volcanic ash?
Solid particles of volcanic ejecta less than 2 mm in diameter
The middle of the earth’s three main layers is called the ?
Mantle
The plastic rock on which the tectonic plates float is called the?
Asthenosphere
The _____________ is the point deep in the earth where an earthquake begins.
Hypocenter
What are three techniques used to reduce earthquake damage on a building?
Fixed-base systems; base-isolated system; energy-dissipating device
What is a bowl-shaped hollow formed by the collapse of an underground magma chamber?
Caldera
What is the bottom of the mantle called?
Core-mantle boundary (Gutenberg Discontinuity)
Define Anticline
A type of fold that occurs when rocks buckle up to form an arch-like structure
What scale is considered the most reliable method for measuring the energy released by an earthquake?
Moment Magnitude Scale
How can you tell how steep a slow is on a topographical map?
The closer the lines the steeper the slope
Lava in water solidifies almost instantly, forming rounded structures known as ?
Pillow Lava
Name the boundary line between the crust and the mantle
Moho (Mohorovicic Discontinuity)
What is the idea that rapid movement of tectonic plates during the Flood is responsible for most of Earth’s features?
Catastrophic Plate Tectonics
About 80% of the world’s earthquakes occur in which belt?
Circum-Pacific Belt
What is most likely to cause a volcanic eruption to be violent.
Large amounts of dissolved gas/thick, syruppy magma