Genetics
What is the difference between a homozygous allele pair and a heterozygous allele pair?
Homozygous = 2 of the same alleles
Heterozygous = 1 dominant, 1 recessive
Name the nucleotide pairs that make up DNA strands.
Adenine - Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine
Bonus 50 points for Uracil
What is the purpose of a line transect?
To find the biodiversity of an area.
What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather - daily experiences, changes
Climate - weather patterns over a long period of time
Draw a Punnett square showing the potential offspring of a parent with Heterozygous alleles for height (T is dominant, t is recessive) and a parent with homozygous recessive alleles for height.
Answers will be drawn
What is the purpose of Transcription?
To make an mRNA copy of a strand of DNA
Indicator = changes tell the health of an ecosystem (ex. mayflies, pika)
Keystone = species that plays a critical role in holding an ecosystem together (ex. beaver, mangroves)
What two pieces of data are typically shown on a climatogram?
Precipitation, temperature
What mutation would describe this change?
The boy popped his yellow balloon
The boy popped his yellow baffoon
Substitution
What is the purpose of translation?
mRNA is decoded to produce new proteins (amino acids)
Name and describe the 3 types of biodiversity.
Species = variety of individual species in an area
Genetic = variation of DNA/genes within a population
Ecological = variation in ecosystems and interactions
What factors might indicate a change in biome?
Weather, climate, ecosystems, geography, etc.
Describe a frameshift mutation.
A mutation in the genetic sequence throws off the grouping of 3 codons, and causes the wrong combinations of codons to be read.
What is the purpose of the Ribosome?
To read the codon sequences and attach the correct amino acids.
Write the equation for calculating the biodiversity index of an area.
Biodiversity index = # of species in an area/total individuals in the area
List all 9 terrestrial biomes.
Tundra, taiga, deciduous forest, grasslands, savanna, chaparral, rainforest, desert, alpine
Give the definition and one example of Incomplete Dominance and Codominance in traits.
Incomplete - neither inherited trait can dominate, so you get a mixture of traits (ex. snapdragon petal colors blending, wavy hair, grey fur, etc.)
Codominance - both dominant traits are expressed (AB blood type, roan cows, speckled chickens, etc.)
Transcribe and Translate this DNA sequence. GAATAGAAA
CUUAUCUUU
GAAUAGAAA
GAA UAG AAA
Compare and contrast the biodiversity of Colorado with Costa Rica. Which do you think has the higher biodiversity index? What are some challenges facing biodiversity levels in both regions. List specific impacts on each region.
Answers will vary. CR has higher index, deforestation, wildfires, agriculture, etc.
Compare and contrast a rainforest biome with a cloud forest. How are they similar, how are they different? Please include at least 3 of each.
Answers will vary