8th Grade NC Science Review

Cells

100

What part of a cell stores genetic information? 

A: Flagellum

B: Protons

C: Nucleus

A: Nucleus

100

What is the process in which organisms get there energy from sunlight? 

A: Cellular Respiration

B: Photosynthesis 

C: Sunburn

B: Photosynthesis

100

What are the functions and monomers of the following biomolecules:

carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids/ fats

Nucleic Acid

Carbohydrates

• Function: Quick energy source for cells
• Monomer: Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose)

Proteins

• Function: Build and repair tissues; enzymes speed up reactions
• Monomer: Amino acids

Lipids (Fats)

• Function: Long-term energy storage; insulation; cell membranes
• Monomer: Glycerol and fatty acids

Nucleic Acids

• Function: Store and transmit genetic information (DNA/RNA)
• Monomer: Nucleotides

100

Where do photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in a cell? Write the chemical equation for each process, identifying the reactants and products.

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Equation:

6CO₂+6H₂O +light energy→C₆H₁₂O6+6O₂

• Reactants: carbon dioxide, water, and light energy
• Products: glucose and oxygen
• Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
  Equation:
  C₆H₁₂O₆+6O₂→6CO₂+6H₂O+ATP 
  • Reactants: glucose and oxygen
  • Products: carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP)

100

What does a Vacuole store? 

A: Water

B: Blood

C: DNA

A: Water

Hydrosphere

100

3% of Earth is freshwater. True or False. 

False. 3% of Earths WATER is fresh, but 3% of just Earth is incorrect. 

100

Where does majority of our freshwater get stored?

A: Polar Ice Caps

B: Rivers & Streams

C: Clouds

A: Polar Ice Caps

100

Differentiate transpiration, evaporation and condensation including an example.

• Transpiration – The release of water vapor from plants through tiny openings in their leaves. Example: Water vapor released from tree leaves.
• Evaporation – The process where liquid water changes into water vapor due to heat. Example: A puddle drying in the sun.
• Condensation – The process where water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water. Example: Water droplets forming on a cold glass.

100

This is an area of land where all water drains into a common river, lake, or ocean.

What is a watershed?

100

What item listed is part of point source pollution? 

A: Oil Running Off From Roads

B: Homer Simpson dumping his pig sewage into Springfield lake

C: A pipe leaking sewage

B: Homer Simpson dumping his pig sewage into Springfield lake

Microbiology

100

Which item listed is not a pathogen? 

A: Bacteria

B: Virus

C: Influenza 

C: Influenza

100

Which 2 are viral diseases? 

A: AIDS, Flu

B: Flu, Ebola

C: Mumps, Chicken Pox

D. All of these

All of these

100

differentiate viruses, bacteria, parasite and fungi including an example for each.

• Viruses – Tiny nonliving particles that need a host cell to reproduce. Example: Influenza (flu virus).
• Bacteria – Single-celled living organisms; some are helpful and some cause disease. Example: E. coli.
• Parasites – Organisms that live on or inside another organism and harm it. Example: Tapeworm.
• Fungi – Organisms like mold and yeast that absorb nutrients from their environment. Example: Athlete’s foot fungus.

100

What pathogen is prokaryotic? Bonus point differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.

A: Bacteria

B: Ebola

C: Fungi

A: Bacteria 

• Prokaryotic organisms – Cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; usually unicellular. Example: Bacteria.

• Eukaryotic organisms – Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; can be unicellular or multicellular. Example: Plant, animal, fungi cells.

100

Whats does an antibiotic kill? 

A: Bacteria

B: Dead People

C: Viruses

A: Bacteria

Chemistry

100

Elements in the same column (group) of the periodic table share this because they have the same number of valence electrons.

Example: Sodium (Na) shares what with the other group members?

Answer: What are similar chemical properties?

100

What is the charge of a neutron? 

A: Positive

B: Negative

C: Neutral

C: Neutral

100

Outer energy levels are called ...

A: Cell Cloud

B: Valence Electrons 

C: Cell Membrane

B: Valence Electrons

100

Which observation provides the strongest evidence that a chemical change has occurred?

A. Ice melting into liquid water at room temperature
B. A substance changing shape but remaining the same material
C. Formation of a gas and a new substance after mixing two solutions
D. Water boiling and turning into steam

C. Formation of a gas and a new substance after mixing two solutions

100

How many elements are in the Periodic Table?

A: 92

B: 137

C: 118

C: 118

Evolution

100

What best states evolution? 

A: Change over land 

B: Change over climate

C: Change over time

C: Change over time

100

What is best evidence that 2 continents were once together..? 

A: Similar Climate

B: Same People Personalities 

C: Similar Fossils and Rocks

C: Similar Fossils and Rocks

100

Index fossils tell scientists what most important fact?

A: Time

B. Place

C. Identification of organisms 

A: Time

100

What best states adaption? 

A: A type of science formula to find age of fossils

B: What animals use to adapt to nature and survive

C: None of the Above

B: What animals use to adapt to nature and survive

100

Who formulated the theory of evolution? 

(no answer choices) 

Charles Darwin