Atoms
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Acids
Bases
pH
100
This state of matter is relatively rigid, definite volume and shape. In a solid, the atoms and molecules are attached to each other. They vibrate in place but don’t move around.
Solid
100
This state of matter has definite volume but able to change shape by flowing. In a liquid, the atoms and molecules are loosely bonded. They move around but stay close together.
Liquid
100
This state of matter has no definite volume or shape. The atoms and molecules move freely and spread apart from one another.
Gas
100
What happens to atoms when heat is added?
Heat makes atoms and molecules move faster
100
What happens to atoms when heat is removed (cools down?)
When heat is lost, the atoms and molecules slow down.
100
Which of the following pictures best represents the particles of a liquid?
A
100
After a teaspoon of sugar has been stirred into a glass of water, no solid sugar can be seen. What happened to the sugar?
The sugar dissolved
200
Why would it be necessary to use models to represent elements, compounds, mixtures and pure substances?
The differences in these substances cannot easily be seen with the naked eye.
200
How many elements have been identified?
Today 118 elements have been identified, of which the first 94 occur naturally on Earth and the remaining 24 are synthetic.
200
Which of the following word pairs correctly completes the sentence below?
_______ are corrosive substances characterized as having a strong smell, a sour taste, and a _______.
A. Acids; pH less than 7
B. Bases; pH less than 7
C. Acids; pH greater than 7
D. Bases; pH greater than 7
A. Acids; pH less than 7
200
What is a homogeneous mixture? Give an example.
A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture. Air lemonade are examples of homogeneous mixtures.
200
Which of the following is an example of a mixture?
A. Calcium
B. The atmosphere
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Water
B. The atmosphere
200
Which statement best supports the development of the atomic theory over time?
A. The discovery of new evidence resulted in changes to the atomic theory.
B. Advancements in atomic models proved the atomic theory was accurate.
C. The atomic theory was modified with the discovery of every new element.
D. Changes in atomic models showed that the atomic theory was based on opinion
A. The discovery of new evidence resulted in changes to the atomic theory.
200
Who was the first to suggest that atoms could exist and gave them their name by calling them ATOMOS?
Democritus
300
Which of the following substances is a compound?
A. Chlorine (Cl)
B. Hydrogen (H)
C. Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)
D. Salt Water (NaCl + H2O)
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)
300
In which of the following ways can scientific knowledge change and grow?
A. New magazine articles.
B. Repeated experiments.
C. Careful reading of facts.
D. New evidence or new interpretations
D. New evidence or new interpretations
300
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Elements are pure substances which are composed of only one type of atom. Compounds are substances which are formed by two or more different types of elements that are united chemically in fixed proportions.
300
Milk of magnesia is a slippery, bitter-tasting white substance that is commonly used as a laxative. If the pH of milk of magnesia is between 10 and 11, it can best be described as a:
A. Neutral compound
B. Strong acid
C. Moderate acid
D. Moderate base
D. Moderate base
300
What is a heterogeneous mixture? Give an example.
A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture. Salad dressing is an example of heterogeneous mixture.
300
Which of the following substances has the fastest moving particles?
A. chlorine (gas)
B. sodium (metal)
C. H2O (at room temperature)
D. potassium (liquid form)
A. chlorine (gas)
300
Neon is a gas made up of only one type of atom. Which term best describes neon?
A. Molecule
B. Mixture
C. Compound
D. element
D. element
400
Describe the molecular motion of each of the following states of matter: Solid, liquid and gas
Solid: vibrate (jiggle) but generally do not move from place to place.
Liquid: vibrate, move about, and slide past each other.
Gas: vibrate and move freely at high speeds.
400
A pure substance is a sample of matter with both definite and constant composition with distinct chemical properties. Which of the following statements about a pure substance is not true?
A. it is a single kind of matter
B. it can easily be physically separated
C. it can be an element or a compound
D. it has a specific makeup, or composition
B. it can easily be physically separated
400
As a substance changes from a gas to a liquid, the distance between its molecules ___.
Decreases
400
Describe the relationship between acids, bases and neutrals on the pH scale.
pH is a measure of how acidic/basic water is. The range goes from 0 - 14, with 7 being neutral. pHs of less than 7 indicate acidity, whereas a pH of greater than 7 indicates a base. pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water.
400
The particles making up a sample of matter move quickly, and the sample has no fixed shape or volume. What is the state of matter of the sample?
Gas
400
HCl (an acid) is mixed with NaOH (a base) in a neutralization reaction. Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the product of this reaction?
A. Salt will be produced.
B. Hydrogen ions will be produced.
C. Water will be produced.
D. Gas will be produced.
B. Hydrogen ions will be produced.
400
What does pH stand for?
potential of hydrogen
500
Vinegar is a solution of two liquids: water and acetic acid. Most vinegar contains 95 percent water and 5 percent acetic acid. In vinegar, acetic acid is
A Solute
500
Salt dissolves in water, forming a solution with sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl -) ions. What could be done to speed up the rate at which salt dissolves?
Heat the water.
500
Will a pure substance have the same physical and chemical properties and why?
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition (meaning that it is the same everywhere) and properties that are constant throughout the sample (meaning that there is only one set of properties such as melting point, color, boiling point, etc.
500
______ is the phase change from a solid to a gas.
Sublimation
500
Sally places a piece of red and blue litmus paper in an unknown solution. She notices that the red litmus paper stays red, and the blue litmus paper turns red. Which of the following statements is true of the unknown solution?
a. The unknown solution must have a pH between 6.9-14.
b. The unknown solution contains hydrogen ions.
c. The unknown solution contains hydroxide ions.
d. The unknown solution is slippery and bitter.
b. The unknown solution contains hydrogen ions.
500
Which of the following is true about mixtures and compounds?
A. Mixtures and compounds are both made of two or more different substances.
B. A compound forms when different substances chemically combine to form a new substance.
C. A mixture contains different substances that are not chemically combined with one another.
D. All of the above.
D. All of the above.
500
What is the color spectrum on the pH scale?
0 is red to dark purple 14
Roy G. Biv - Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet