Topic 1
Any push or pull exerted on an object is considered what?
A Force
What is another word for a disturbance caused by a vibration?
Wave
What is the word given to solid matter that can be used to create things?
Material
What is the scientific word for any living thing?
Organism
Which word describes the species of animals that once lived on earth, which no longer exists?
Extinct
A force that exists between any two objects that have mass is called what?
Gravity
What is a curved piece of transparent material that bends light as the light passes through it?
Lens
What is a systematic plan, often in graphical form, for the construction of something?
Design
A group of organisms that share similar characteristics, and can meet with each other to produce offspring is called what?
Species
What do you call electric charges that build up on an object?
Static electricity
Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus of an atom are called what?
Electrons
What word describes materials that allow some light to travel through them, but not enough to see through the material
Translucent
What do you all a bridge with one horizontal beam whose weight is borne by two vertical supports?
Beam bridge
What do you call the study of fossils and the fossil record?
Paleontology
What is the term given to a person who designs things that help solve problems?
Engineer
Explain what Newton’s first law of motion states and give an example.
An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted on by another force. For example, student must provide viable answer that demonstrates the law
How do transverse and longitudinal waves in matter differ from one another?
Transverse waves move matter from side to side as they pass. longitudinal waves compress and extend the particles of matter as they pass
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the arch, the beam, and the suspension bridge?
The arch bridge is especially stable and durable, but may require more materials than other types of bridges. The beam bridge is the simplest type of Bridge to design and build, but requires piers or abutments ( vertical supports ) at regular intervals to support the beams. The beams are also subject to bending and sagging under the weight of vehicles over them. Suspension bridges allow for very long bridge spans, but are complex and expensive to design and build. Without reinforcement or support, the deck may be susceptible to torsion.
What is evolution?
Evolution is the change in the species that takes place over time. Changes in the environment make some traits and organisms more useful than others. These traits help the organism to survive. If it does, then it passes those traits on to its young. Over time, the accumulation of these good traits can cause new species to evolve.
The theory, stating that natural variation among organisms that make them best adapted to their environment, live and reproduce, therefore, passing onto their offspring, the genetic qualities best suited to the environment is called what?
Natural selection
How are electricity and magnetism related?
Electric charges can create magnetic forces and magnetic forces can create an electric current. They both have fields and both operate on the principle that opposites attract
What is the difference between constructive and destructive interference?
If two waves are in phase, so that their crests and troughs overlap, their amplitudes are added together to create a wave with greater amplitude than the original waves. This is known as constructive interference.
If two waves that meet are completely out of phase, so that the crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another, the resulting new wave will have a smaller amplitude than the original waves. This is known as destructive interference.
What factors do engineers consider when they design a bridge?
Engineers consider all of the structural requirements of the bridge, including its desired width and length, the maximum live load it can carry, and the height of the road bed above the water or ground. They also consider the cost of the materials for their design and the cost and time of assembly. The attractiveness of the bridge, impact on the environment, and ease of maintenance are also important factors.
How does embryological development contribute to the understanding of evolution?
Examining how an organism develops is a good way Of seeing if it shares a common ancestor with other organisms. In the embryo stage, many organisms show traits that they do not keep in their adult forms. If multiple organisms have the same trait ( such as gills or tail ) when in this form, that suggests that a common ancestor passed that trait on to them as they evolved.
What kind of information do fossils provide about life on earth?
Fossil evidence shows that life on earth began about 3.5 billion years ago. Fossils also indicate that 98% of the species that ever lived are now extinct. This is because, overtime, the types of organisms that live on earth have changed.