The Structure of Atoms
What particles make up an Atom?
Electrons, Protons, and Nuetrons
What is an Acid and what does it release when added to a solution?
An Acid is a substance with a low Ph number. It releases H+ Ions when added to a solution.
What observable signs can you use to decide whether a chemical reaction has occurred?
A change in color and odor.
Define what Fission and Fusion is and explain how they are different.
Fusion brings atoms together and Fission splits atoms apart. During a nuclear reaction the nucleus of an atom changes by either combining with another atom’s nucleus which is fusion or being split apart which is fission. Fusion and Fission are different because fusion brings atoms together which make a heavier atom by using hydrogen and Fission splits atoms apart which make smaller atoms.
What is a photon?
A photon is a tiny particle or bundle of electromagnetic radiation.
What is the valence orbit?
The outermost shell of an atom
What is a base, and what molecule does it release when added to a solution?
A Base is a substance with a high Ph number that releases OH- Ions when added to a solutions
What is the difference between a physical and chemical reaction?
In a physical change the form of the matter changes but the kind of matter in the substances doesn't. In a chemical change the matter is changed and one substance and property is made.
Why is Hydrogen important in Nuclear Fusion?
It helps the reactive components be more fusibleTo create an efficient fusion reaction, you need to give out more energy than you put in it, and hydrogen in fusion gives off more energy, so if you could get under control and compress it, you can make a more efficient fusion reaction.
What unit of measurement is used to measure the size of light waves?
The unit of measurement used on light waves is an angstrom
What characteristics do the particles of an atom have.
Electrons - Negative(-)
Protons - Positive(+)
Neutrons - Neutral
What happens when an Acid and a Base combine, what type of molecule is formed?
Salt and Water
What is the Law of the Conservation of Mass and what does it mean?
Matter is neither created nor destroyed.
Why is it difficult to start a fusion reaction, what characteristic of the atoms causes them to resist fusion?
It is difficult because it takes an extreme amount of force and temperatures to pull the atoms together. The positive charge of an atom creates the resistance from each other.
What are waves Frequency, Amplitude, Crest, Trough, and Wavelength?
Frequency- the number of cycles a wave completes in a period of time
Amplitude- the distance from the crest of the wave to the midline of the wave
Crest- highest point of the wave
Trough- lowest point of the wave
Wavelength- the distance from one crest to the next crest or from one trough to the next trough.
What is a compound?
A substance made up of 2 or more differing atoms.
What is the Ph Scale?
The Ph Scale is a spectrum in which substances are marked depending on how Acidic or Basic a solution is
Define what a Balanced Chemical Equation is, how are they different from unbalanced equations?
Balanced Chemical Equations have the same amount of atoms on both sides, unbalanced equations don't.
Why is refined Uranium used in Nuclear power plants and nuclear explosives?
Uranium is used when it is purified because it can be more radioactive and produce more energy. When they split the uranium, it causes a chain reaction of the neutrons from the split atom to shoot out and hit other atoms. This then causes the other atom to shoot out neutrons as well until an explosion occurs.
What characteristic of a wave determines its color.
The wavelength and frequency of light determine its color.
How does the amount of electrons an atom has decide what chemical bonds it will make?
If an atom has less electrons than protons or if it hasn’t filled it, the outer ring, it will most likely go under an ionic bond, in which one atoms gives another atom 1 or more electrons. If two atoms need 1 or more electrons to fill each of their outer shells they will most likely go under a covalent bond, which then makes a molecule.
How does the Ph Scale work?
Basic solutions have high numbers on the Ph Scale, Acidic Solutions have low numbers.
Define the terms Coefficient and Subscript?
Coefficients are numbers before the formula. Subscripts are part of the chemical formula of the reactants and products that indicate the number of atoms in the element.
How do Power plants use Fission to generate electricity?
Power Plants work by controlling the chain reaction caused by fission. This enables the released energy to be used to generate electricity.
What is the Angle of Incidence and how does it affect an object's reflectiveness?
The Angle of Incidence is between the normal and ray of light. It affects it because people can only see a reflected light at a certain angle.