Vocab I
Kinetic Energy
energy that an object has due to its motion.
What is energy?
the ability to do work or cause change
How do you know if an object is moving?
Its position relative to another object is changing
What is a force and how is it described?
Any push or pull on an object
Described by magnitude and direction
kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object
Mechanical Energy
Energy Transformation
the process of changing one form of energy to another.
Thermal energy is produced when a firefighter slides down a pole. Where does it come from?
Friction
What are the three ways an object can accelerate?
Increasing speed, decreasing speed, or changing direction
How do balanced forces acting on an object affect its motion? How do unbalanced forces acting on an object affect its motion?
Balanced - does not affect it
Unbalanced - will cause it to accelerate in some way
friction that occurs when an object rolls over a surface.
rolling friction
Fluid Friction
friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid.
What is kinetic energy? What is potential energy?
Kinetic - the energy an object has due to its motion
Potential - the energy that is stored resulting from an object's position or shape
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed measures only the rate of change, velocity includes the rate of change and direction
How do mass and distance affect the force of gravity?
More mass = stronger force
More distance = less force
the distance an object travels per unit of time.
speed
Acceleration
rate of change of velocity per unit of time
What is the relationship between different forms of energy?
They can transform into each other
What types of graphs can you use to analyze the acceleration of an object?
Speed vs. time
Distance vs. time
What are the four types of friction?
Static, Rolling, Sliding, Fluid
friction that acts on objects that are not moving.
static friction
Terminal Velocity
the greatest velocity a falling object can achieve.
List the five forms of energy associated with the particles that make up objects.
Thermal, Electrical, Chemical, Nuclear, Electromagnetic
Suppose you are riding in a car. Describe your motion relative to the car, the road, and the sun.
Car - you are not moving
Road - you are changing position relative to a point on the road, but not the road itself
Sun - you are moving relative to the sun
Describe two of the three laws of motion that Newton founded.
An object at rest will remain at rest, and an object moving at a constant velocity will continue moving at a constant velocity, unless it is acted upon by an unbalanced force
Acceleration depends on the object’s mass and on the net force acting on the object
If one object exerts a force on another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal strength in the opposite direction on the first object
the rule that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
law of conservation of energy