Geology
solid
80% of the world's earthquakes occur in what belt?
circum-pacific belt
What is the earthquake belt (zone) stretching from southern Europe to Indonesia
Alpide Belt
a particle or block of solid volcanic ejecta
pyroclast
Most of the earth's surface is covered by deposits of sand and mineral fragments, usually laid down by water. What do you call those deposits?`
sediments
the middle of the earth's three main layers
mantle
what type of mountain that forms when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earth's crust
volcanic mountain
The most reliable scale for measuring the energy released by an earthquake
moment magnitude
what is the channel in a volcano through which gases, ash, and molten rock are ejected from the earth's interior
vent
85% of all earthquakes are what type of earthquakes?
shallow-focus
the outer layer made of solid rock
crust
type of mountain that appears to have formed by the edges of two adjacent tectonic plates pushing together
folded
scale used to measure the damage an earthquake does
modified Mercalli
what is a bowl-shaped hollow formed by the collapse of an underground magma chamber
caldera
What provides information about Earth's interior
earthquake waves
the central portion of the earth
core
earthquake caused by sudden movements of rock beneath the earth's surface
tectonic
the point on the earth's surface directly above where an earthquake begins
epicenter
the underground ______________ is the actual source of a volcanic eruption
magma chamber
what is the area between the upper mantle and the lower mantle?
transition zone
what is the most abundant element in the earth's crust
oxygen
the idea that rapid movement of tectonic plates during the Flood is responsible for most of Earth's features
catastrophic plate tectonics
how do scientists determine the point where an earthquake begins?
measuring travel time of seismic waves
what scale is used to measure the strength of a volcanic eruption
Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
what major type of fault occurs when rocks on one side of the fault are shoved over the rocks on the other side?
thrust fault