NATIVE NORTH AMERICA & JAMESTOWN
This enormous Mississippian city near modern St. Louis was famous for its massive earthen mounds and regional influence.
What was Cahokia?
This French explorer founded Quebec in 1608 and became known as the “Father of New France.”
Who was Samuel de Champlain?
This cash crop made Virginia profitable and drove colonial demand for more land and labor.
What was tobacco?
This 1637 attack by English colonists and Native allies killed hundreds of Pequot men, women, and children in Connecticut.
What was the Mystic Massacre?
This young Virginian helped ignite the French and Indian War in 1754 and soon surrendered to the French at Fort Necessity.
Who was George Washington?
Also known as the Iroquois Confederacy, this alliance originally united the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations.
What was the Haudenosaunee/Iroquois Confederacy?
The trade in this animal’s pelts became the economic heart of New France.
What was beaver fur—or the fur trade?
This English colonist helped develop the successful tobacco crop that transformed Virginia’s economy.
Who was John Rolfe?
Known to the English as King Philip, this Wampanoag leader headed a major resistance movement against colonial expansion.
Who was Metacom?
This British general was killed in a disastrous 1755 ambush while marching toward Fort Duquesne.
Who was Edward Braddock?
Founded in Virginia in 1607, this became England’s first permanent colony in North America.
What was Jamestown?
These French “runners of the woods” traveled deep into Indigenous territory to trade, often living between French and Native societies.
Who were the coureurs de bois?
Puritan New England developed this form of local government in which members of a community gathered to make decisions.
What were town meetings?
This devastating 1675–1676 conflict between Native peoples and New England colonists became one of the bloodiest wars in early American history.
What was King Philip’s War?
Britain captured Fort Duquesne in 1758 and renamed it this in honor of the leader who had transformed Britain’s war effort
What is Pittsburgh?
Famine, disease, warfare, and poor planning nearly destroyed Jamestown during the winter of 1609–1610, remembered by this grim name.
What was the Starving Time?
This Dutch colony centered on the Hudson River and New Amsterdam before England seized it in 1664 and renamed the region New York.
What was New Netherland?
This 1676 uprising saw Nathaniel Bacon’s followers turn against Governor William Berkeley and eventually burn Jamestown.
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
From roughly the 1640s to 1701, the Haudenosaunee fought rival Native nations for influence over the fur trade in this series of conflicts.
What were the Beaver Wars?
At this decisive 1759 battle outside Quebec, British forces under James Wolfe defeated the French army of the Marquis de Montcalm.
What was the Battle of the Plains of Abraham?
This paramount chief, also called Chief Powhatan by the English, ruled the powerful Powhatan Confederacy when Jamestown was founded.
Who was Wahunsenacawh?
Sailing for the Dutch in 1609, this English navigator explored the river that later bore his name while searching unsuccessfully for a route to Asia.
Who was Henry Hudson?
After Bacon’s Rebellion, Virginia elites increasingly favored this labor system because it created a permanent, inheritable workforce divided by race.
What was hereditary racial slavery?
In the Haudenosaunee political system, these women held authority over the selection and removal of male chiefs known as sachems.
Who were clan mothers?
This 1763 treaty ended the war and gave Britain Canada and most former French territory east of the Mississippi River.
What was the Treaty of Paris of 1763?