Vocab I
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Vocab II
100

Ores

a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or mineral can be extracted.

100

What is an element?

Elements contain only one kind of substance, they cannot be turned into anything else by chemical processes alone.

100

What is a compound?

Compounds are formed when elements combine in different ways. They become bonded (or joined) together by strong forces between their atoms.

100

What is an atom? What three particles make up an atom?

The building blocks of matter

Neutron, proton, electron

100

a mixture involving at least one metal.

Alloy

200

Proton

an atomic particle, found in the nucleus, that has a positive charge.

200

Name and describe two properties of metals.

Shininess, Malleability, Ductility, Conductivity, Reactivity  


200

Name two properties of metalloids.

  • All are solid at room temperature, Brittle, hard, and somewhat reactive, their most useful property is their varying ability to conduct electricity. It can depend on temperature or exposure to light.

200

Name two properties of nonmetals.

Generally poor conductors of electricity and heat Nonmetals that are solids are dull and brittle, Reactive

200

chemically joined together.

Bonded

300

Neutron

an atomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom, that does not have a charge.

300

Describe the basic structure of an atom.

A nucleus with neutrons and protons, electrons orbiting the nucleus

300

Where can we find metals in nature and what substances can we extract them from?

Native deposits and extracted from ores

300

Whys is hydrogen grouped basically on its own?

Grouped on its own as its properties don’t really resemble any other elements

300

breaking down a compound to simpler parts.

Decompose

400

Reduction Reaction

a type of chemical reaction where oxygen is removed from a compound.

400

Describe the organization of the periodic table.

Organized into periods and groups. Reactivity increases as you go down a group. Left to right it goes from metals to metalloids to nonmetals. 

400

Name one early chemist we talked about and what they are known for.

Answers Vary

400

Briefly describe an electron, neutron, and proton.

Electron - smallest, orbits the nucleus, has a negative charge

Proton - makes up the nucleus, has a positive charge

Neutron - makes up the nucleus, has no charge

400

any process where particles are exchanged be substances to produce new substances with new chemical properties.

Chemical Reaction

500

Polymer

a substance that consists of many smaller, more simple units bonded together.

500

Describe Parmenides and Democritus' contributions to chemistry.

Parmenides - asked the question “is it possible to have a space filled with nothing?”, he reasoned that such a thing was impossible, and that matter must fill every space, even if humans cannot see it. He also thought that matter could always be cut into smaller and smaller pieces, that it was continuous. 

Democritus - said that all things start and end somewhere, so Parmenides could not be correct. He came up with the term atomos (meaning uncuttable) - eventually became the term atom. 

500

Describe Antoine Lavoisier's contributions to chemistry.

He, along with his wife Marie-Anne, was able to show that combustion (creation of fire) involved a combination of gas, oxygen, and other substances. He also discovered 55 “elements” - though some were actually combinations of elements called compounds. He also established the principle of naming chemical substances based on what they are made of.

500

Describe the contributions of Henry Cavendish, Joseph Priestly, and John Dalton

Cavendish and Priestly - were also both interested in combustion. Lavoisier’s work helped them come up with a new theory, explaining combustion in terms of chemical change.

Dalton - recorded over 200,000 weather observations over more than 30 years. This led him to propose a theory that substances could be formed by combining different “base units” of matter. He drew symbols to represent different elements and tried to show how they combined to form molecules.

500

the representation of atoms and chemical reactions using letters.

Chemical Formula