Vocab I
Ores
a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or mineral can be extracted.
What is an element?
Elements contain only one kind of substance, they cannot be turned into anything else by chemical processes alone.
What is a compound?
Compounds are formed when elements combine in different ways. They become bonded (or joined) together by strong forces between their atoms.
What is an atom? What three particles make up an atom?
The building blocks of matter
Neutron, proton, electron
a mixture involving at least one metal.
Alloy
Proton
an atomic particle, found in the nucleus, that has a positive charge.
Name and describe two properties of metals.
Shininess, Malleability, Ductility, Conductivity, Reactivity
Name two properties of metalloids.
All are solid at room temperature, Brittle, hard, and somewhat reactive, their most useful property is their varying ability to conduct electricity. It can depend on temperature or exposure to light.
Name two properties of nonmetals.
Generally poor conductors of electricity and heat Nonmetals that are solids are dull and brittle, Reactive
chemically joined together.
Bonded
Neutron
an atomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom, that does not have a charge.
Describe the basic structure of an atom.
A nucleus with neutrons and protons, electrons orbiting the nucleus
Where can we find metals in nature and what substances can we extract them from?
Native deposits and extracted from ores
Whys is hydrogen grouped basically on its own?
Grouped on its own as its properties don’t really resemble any other elements
breaking down a compound to simpler parts.
Decompose
Reduction Reaction
a type of chemical reaction where oxygen is removed from a compound.
Describe the organization of the periodic table.
Organized into periods and groups. Reactivity increases as you go down a group. Left to right it goes from metals to metalloids to nonmetals.
Name one early chemist we talked about and what they are known for.
Answers Vary
Briefly describe an electron, neutron, and proton.
Electron - smallest, orbits the nucleus, has a negative charge
Proton - makes up the nucleus, has a positive charge
Neutron - makes up the nucleus, has no charge
any process where particles are exchanged be substances to produce new substances with new chemical properties.
Chemical Reaction
Polymer
a substance that consists of many smaller, more simple units bonded together.
Describe Parmenides and Democritus' contributions to chemistry.
Parmenides - asked the question “is it possible to have a space filled with nothing?”, he reasoned that such a thing was impossible, and that matter must fill every space, even if humans cannot see it. He also thought that matter could always be cut into smaller and smaller pieces, that it was continuous.
Democritus - said that all things start and end somewhere, so Parmenides could not be correct. He came up with the term atomos (meaning uncuttable) - eventually became the term atom.
Describe Antoine Lavoisier's contributions to chemistry.
He, along with his wife Marie-Anne, was able to show that combustion (creation of fire) involved a combination of gas, oxygen, and other substances. He also discovered 55 “elements” - though some were actually combinations of elements called compounds. He also established the principle of naming chemical substances based on what they are made of.
Describe the contributions of Henry Cavendish, Joseph Priestly, and John Dalton
Cavendish and Priestly - were also both interested in combustion. Lavoisier’s work helped them come up with a new theory, explaining combustion in terms of chemical change.
Dalton - recorded over 200,000 weather observations over more than 30 years. This led him to propose a theory that substances could be formed by combining different “base units” of matter. He drew symbols to represent different elements and tried to show how they combined to form molecules.
the representation of atoms and chemical reactions using letters.
Chemical Formula