Road to WW1
Before the war began, ___, ___, and ___ made up the Triple Entente.
Great Britain, France, and Russia
An entente is an understanding among nations.
This style of warfare involved soldiers fighting from long ditches.
What is Trench Warfare?
[world leaders] demanded that Germany make large ____, or payments, for the damage Germans caused in the war.
What are reparations?
A ______ is an economic system where people and businesses make the most economic decisions without much government control.
What is a free market?
People were pulling cash out of banks, leading banks to go out of business. In an effort to build confidence in banks, the __________ was created. Roosevelt closed all banks for 4 days, and called a special session to present the plan for handling the banking problem.
The act proposed a wide range of presidential powers over banking and set up a system by which banks would open again or be reorganized.
What is the Emergency Banking Relief Act?
Define nationalism.
Class discuss - how did nationalism play a role in the start of WW1?
The idea that your nation should have independence and its own government
In the Balkans before World War I, many Slavic people wanted independence from large empires like Austria-Hungary.
The region of Bosnia was controlled by Austria-Hungary, but many of the people living there were Slavs who identified more with Serbia.
Many Serbian nationalists believed:
All Slavic people should unite
Bosnia should break away from Austria-Hungary and join Serbia
___, ___, and ___ made up the Allied Powers.
The United States later joined them.
Who are Russia, France, and the UK (Great Britain)
President _________ led the American delegation at the peace conference following WW1 in January, 1919 alongside 27 other world leaders.
What was the date of the market crash and what was it called?
The __________ is a reform which insured savings accounts in banks approved by the government. If banks fail, your money is protected (up to a certain amount).
What is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation?
Where was the Austro-Hungarian Empire and when did it end?
Name at least 3 countries today that were a part of it.
An empire based in Central Europe that existed from the middle of the 19th century until the end of World War I (1918)
Countries today that were a part of it: Austria, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, parts of Romania, Ukraine, and Italy
Formed from the Hapsburg Empire, a stronger empire that started in the 13th century (1200s)
___, ___, and ___ formed the triple alliance before the war. Once the war began, ___ dropped out and joined the allies.
The remaining members of the triple alliance, plus the Ottoman Empire formed the Central Powers.
Who were the original 3 members, and who dropped out?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Italy dropped out when war began and joined the allies
What is the League of Nations? Who proposed its creation?
Proposed by Wilson.
A group of nations - member nations help preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to respect and protect one another's territory and political independence.
The US did not join.
_____________= paying a fraction of the stock price and borrowing the rest from brokers
What is buying on margin?
Margin loans = A type of loan from a bank used to purchase stocks
The ______... paid farmers not to grow certain crops. Farmers were paid to destroy crops, milk, and livestock as well as leave some land unused.
It was ultimately deemed unconstitutional.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act
Goal 1 - raise farm prices quickly
Goal 2 - to control production so farm prices would stay up long term
What were some of the connections between the countries that became allies during WWI?
Name one ethnic or political connection for the central powers and one for the allied powers.
Allied Powers
- Russia and France - Political connection - control Germany
- France and the UK - Political connection - control Germany
- UK and Belgium - Political connection - treaty signed in 1839
- Serbia and Russia - ethnic connection (slavs)
Central Powers
- German and AH - Ethnic (speak German), political (control Russia)
- AH and Ottoman Empire - Political (control Russia and keep control of the Balkan Peninsula)
What new technology was used during World War I?
German naval weapon - U-boats - prevented supplies, including food, from reaching Great Britain.
Armored Tanks - helped cross battle lines to fire on enemies at close range - tanks could crush barbed wire, and allow troops to advance
Poison Gas - first used by Germans over Allied lines in 1915 - can kill or seriously injure anyone who breathed in
Airplanes - used by both sides for watching troops, bombing, dog fights, equipped with machine guns
Trench Warfare - fighting from long defensive ditches/trenches - machine guns made open attacks extremely dangerous
In 1919, this was the main peace agreement that officially ended WW1.
Class discuss: Besides ending the war, what did it decide?
What is the Treaty of Versailles?
it decided...
- punishments for Germany
- New borders in Europe
- Creation of the League of Nations
- Reparations Germany had to pay
____ is a number used as a tool to see how a country's economy is doing.
GDP
The _________ was a reform which regulated the sale of stocks and bonds. It also requires public companies to disclose meaningful financial information.
The SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission
Who was the Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Name the empire he was associated with, what happened to him, who did it, and what happened as a result.
Next in line to be emperor of Austria-Hungary empire
Assassinated with his wife by a Serbian nationalist June 1914
Assassination sparked start of WW1
Why did the U.S. finally get involved in April 1917?
Name 2 reason for full points
U-Boat Attacks
Starting in Jan. 1917, Germany announced it would sink all ships going to Allied ports. 4 U.S. ships sunk in March 1917 with 36 dead
Zimmerman Telegram (March 1917)
Intercepted by British government; being sent to Mexico from German foreign minister Zimmerman
Telegram said Mexico could get back former land in U.S. if they join Germany (Texas, Arizona, New Mexico)
Loans
By 1917 U.S. banks had loaned Allies $2.25 billion (especially Great Britain and France), only $27 million to Germany. If the Allies lost the war, the US could lose a lot of money.
Democracy
Russia drops out (March 1917) so war can be about democracy - Woodrow Wilson argued US should enter the war to "make the world safe for democracy"
What were Wilson's goals with the 14 Points? Name 3 of the "points"?
Some of the points
- Free trade and freedom of the seas
- No more secret treaties (open diplomacy)
- Limits on arms
- Self-determination, especially in colonies
- Create League of Nations
What were some of the causes of the Great Depression?
Name two.
Bank failures - when a bank loans out money that people have deposited in it - failure happens when the bank can't pay back those deposits
buying on margin/margin loans
weak economy - low incomes, farm prices at rock bottom
credit crisis - bought tons on credit and couldn't repay
What are the differences between relief, reform, and public works programs?
Relief: immediate help (food, money)
Public Works: government jobs building things
Reform: long-term fixes to prevent another depression