Symbiotic Relationships
Define symbiosis and give one simple example of two organisms living in a symbiotic relationship.
Close interaction between species. Example: clownfish and sea anemone.
What is potential energy?
What is stored energy.
Give one example of an energy transformation students see at home (name the starting form and the ending form)
Electrical → light
What is a wave?
A way that energy moves from one place to another.
This contact force resists sliding between two surfaces.
What is friction?
What type of symbiosis benefits one organism and neither helps nor harms the other?
What is commensalism
Which has more gravitational potential energy: a book on the top shelf or the same book on the floor?
Top shelf has more gravitational potential energy because height is greater (mass same).
A flashlight uses a battery to power a bulb. List the main forms of energy involved in this transformation in order (two or three forms).
Chemical energy → electrical energy → light energy (or chemical → electrical → light/thermal).
Name the two main types of waves and give one example of each.
Transverse (e.g., waves on a string) and longitudinal (e.g., sound waves in air).
A book resting on a table experiences gravity downward and this upward force from the table.
What is normal force?
Describe mutualism and name an example (one sentence) showing how both organisms benefit.
What is Mutualism: both benefit. Example: bees and flowering plants — bees get nectar; plants get pollinated.
Identify three types of potential energy and briefly explain them.
Types: gravitational, elastic, and chemical
Explain how chemical energy in food becomes kinetic energy when a person runs.
Energy in muscles (chemical to mechanical) → kinetic energy of movement.
What is a medium and provide examples.
A medium is the substance or material that a wave travels through, examples are air and water.
Calculate the net force: a 10 N push right and a 4 N push left. Students should give magnitude and direction.
What is 6N to the right?
Explain parasitism and describe how it can affect the population of the host species.
What is parasitism: one benefits (parasite) and the host is harmed; can reduce host health, reproduction, and population over time.
A spring is compressed more. Explain how the elastic potential energy changes (increase or decrease) and why.
Elastic potential energy increases as the spring is compressed more because more energy is stored.
Describe an example of energy changing from electrical to thermal to mechanical in a household appliance.
Toasters and dryer machines are examples of energy changing from electrical → thermal → mechanical.
Are light waves transverse or longitudinal?
Transverse.
When you push on a wall, the wall pushes back on you.What is this called and what is the action and reaction?
Force Pairs. Action: You push on the wall and the Reaction: Wall pushes back.
Compare and contrast mutualism and commensalism using a short example for each.
Mutualism is where both benefit, ex. Bees and Flowers. Commensalism is where one benefits and the other is not affected, ex. Barnacles on Whales.
Describe how the potential energy changes when an object is lifted from the ground and then moved to a ledge.
The potential energy is low at ground and higher at ledge.
Explain the law of conservation of energy in one or two sentences and apply it to a roller coaster (mention potential and kinetic energy).
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed. Roller coaster: PE at top converts to KE at bottom; total energy conserved.
Name three examples of longitudinal waves.
Two magnets repel each other. Name the type of force and whether it is contact or non‑contact.
What is magnetic force, a non‑contact force?