Anatomy
What is the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
What is the Diaphragm
The first step in assessing the thorax and lungs
What is Inspection
Symmetry, trauma, respiratory effort, color, deformity
What is dyspnea?
What is SOA, a sensation of difficulty or discomfort in breathing. It can range from mild to severe and may be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (persistent over time). Dyspnea is often described as tightness in the chest, air hunger, or a feeling of suffocation.
What is the musical sound heard upon inspiration and/or expiration during auscultation?
What are wheezes
What causes alveoli to become consolidated or filled with bacteria, fluid, cellular debris, and blood cells
What is PNA
What are 3 important structures that make up the thoracic cage?
What is the Sternum, manubrium, xiphoid process, costal cartilage, ribs
What are your concerns? Your patient is POD #2 and becomes suddenly anxious, agitated, and tachypneic with sharp stabbing chest pain.
What is a PE
When would respiratory accessory muscle use be appropriate?
What is exercise?
What is the loud, low, snoring sounds often auscultated on inspiration and expiration
What is Rhonchi
What is the most likely condition to describe absent lung sounds on the left side in an 18/M, 76", 66.2kg?
What is a PTX
What are the four main functions of the respiratory system?
What is
1. supplies oxygen
2. removes CO2
3. maintains acid/base balance (homeostasis)
4. maintains heat exchange
What sound is heard with fluid in the alveoli?
What are crackles? Explain
What is the difference between hypercapnia and hypoxemia?
What is the normal stimulus to breathe typically increased serum CO2.
What is a decrease of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia), also increases respirations but is less effective than hypercapnia
What is the term for a harsh, high-pitched sound usually heard on inspiration in upper airway obstruction?
What is stridor
What is the likely condition for a patient presenting with expiratory wheezing dyspnea, and chest tightness?
What is Asthma
What is the space that contains the lungs. How many lobes does the left lung and right lung have?
What is the pleural space (lines the lungs, chest wall, and diaphragm
Left: What is two lobes LUL, LLL
Right: What is three lobes RUL, RML, RLL
What are two cause of diminished breath sounds
What is pleural effusion, pneumothorax, or obesity?
What is the importance of percussion
What is sound that can provide valuable information about the presence of air, fluid, or solid masses
What is the term for superficial, low pitched grating sounds like rubbing two pieces of leather together
What is a pleural friction rub
What condition do the following assessment findings indicate? Barrel chest, accessory muscle use, tripod position, cachexia, and cyanosis?
What is COPD/Emphysema
What is the main function of the chest and lungs
What is respiration: to supply the body with oxygen and eliminate CO2
What do you suspect? You hear crackles and a pleural rub, the pt had a paracentesis 3 mos ago.
What is pleural effusions
What is empyema
What is a medical condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in the pleural space. This typically occurs as a result of an infection, such as pneumonia, spreading to the pleural space.
What are two reasons why lung sounds may be absent over a certain area or region?
PTX, lobectomy, atelectasis, severe airway obstruction via mucus plugging or FB
What do your assessment findings indicate: Pt is 34/F s/p MVA 40mph presents with SOA, chest pain, tracheal deviation, hypotension, cyanosis, and absent lung sounds on the affected side?
What is a tension pneumothorax