Cellular Metabolism
Main molecule used by cells for energy
What is ATP?
Passive movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is diffusion?
A patient develops larger heart cells due to chronic high blood pressure
What is hypertrophy?
Term for the reversible structural or functional response of cells to environmental changes or injury
What is cellular adaptation?
Term for the movement of molecules without using energy
What is passive transport?
Powerhouse of the cell
What is the mitochondria?
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane
What is osmosis?
A smoker’s airway cells change from ciliated epithelium to squamous epithelium
What is metaplasia?
Most common cause of hypoxia in cells
What is ischemia?
Type of endocytosis involves the ingestion of large particles like bacteria
What is phagocytosis?
Molecule combined with fats, proteins, and carbs in aerobic metabolism
What is oxygen?
Transport requiring energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient
What is active transport?
A bodybuilder shows increased muscle mass due to increased workload
What is hypertrophy?
Unstable molecules with unpaired electrons, making them highly reactive
What are free radicals?
Type of cellular transport uses channel or carrier proteins to help move molecules across the membrane
What is facilitated diffusion?
Byproduct produced during anaerobic respiration
What is lactic acid?
Process where the cell membrane engulfing particles into the cell
What is endocytosis?
A chronic sunburn results in abnormal cell growth in the skin
What is dysplasia?
Form of programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells
What is apoptosis?
Two types of cellular adaptation that can lead to an increase in organ or tissue size.
What are hypertrophy and hyperplasia?
Electrical charge difference across a cell's plasma membrane
Structure fuses with the cell membrane during exocytosis to release substances outside the cell
What is a vesicle?
A patient is bedridden for months and experiences muscle wasting
What is atrophy?
Form of cell death characterized by cellular swelling, membrane rupture, and inflammation
What is necrosis?
Two types of active transport processes that move large molecules into and out of the cell
What are endocytosis and exocytosis?