Body Systems
What does cartilage do at the ends of bones?
To prevent friction and allow smooth movement between bones.
What is recreation?
An activity done for enjoyment when not working.
Which coaching style is strict and focuses on winning?
Authoritarian.
What is the main nutrient that provides the body with energy?
Carbohydrates
What does ATP stand for in the ATP-PC energy system?
Adenosine Triphosphate.
Name the three types of joints in the skeletal system.
Fibrous (immovable), Cartilaginous (slightly movable), Synovial (freely movable).
Name one career in the sport or recreation industry.
Examples: PE Teacher, Sports Coach, Personal Trainer, Exercise Physiologist.
Which coaching style allows athletes to make most of the decisions?
Laissez-faire.
What are the three macronutrients that supply energy?
Carbohydrates, fats, and protein.
Which energy system would a 100m sprinter primarily use?
Anaerobic ATP-PC system.
What is the main role of ligaments in the body?
They connect bones to other bones and provide joint stability.
What qualifications are needed to become a sports coach?
A Certificate III in Sports Coaching or a Bachelor’s in Sport, Recreation, or similar.
What is one strength and one weakness of the democratic coaching style?
Strength: builds motivation and positive relationships. Weakness: may blur boundaries if too friendly.
When does the body mainly use the aerobic energy system?
During low-intensity, long-duration activities using oxygen.
Why is balancing energy input and output important?
To maintain healthy body weight and support physical performance.
Explain how the muscular and skeletal systems work together to create movement.
Muscles attach to bones via tendons; when muscles contract, they pull on bones, causing movement at the joints.
What are two key skills that are important for working in the sports and recreation industry?
Effective communication, teamwork, leadership, time management, emotional intelligence.
Give an example of when an authoritarian style might be most effective.
In competitive team sports needing discipline and structure, e.g., rugby or football.
Describe one key difference between the aerobic and anaerobic systems.
Aerobic uses oxygen and lasts longer; anaerobic does not use oxygen and is for short, explosive activity.
What happens if energy intake is higher than energy output?
Weight gain occurs.
Describe the path of oxygen from inhalation to when it exits the body as carbon dioxide.
Inhale → lungs (alveoli) → bloodstream → muscles/tissues → CO₂ returns via veins → exhaled through lungs.
Explain how increased awareness of healthy lifestyles has affected career opportunities in the recreation and fitness industries.
It has increased the demand for fitness professionals and roles in health promotion, community sport, and recreation programs.
Compare and contrast authoritarian and democratic coaching styles.
Authoritarian: coach-controlled, discipline-focused, low communication. Democratic: athlete-centred, shared decisions, high motivation.
Explain how an athlete’s diet before, during, and after exercise affects their performance.
Before: fuels body with carbs. During: maintains energy. After: aids recovery with protein and fluids.
Explain how energy systems interact during a soccer match.
Aerobic for general play; anaerobic (ATP-PC & lactate) during sprints, jumps, or powerful bursts.