Vocab
In FDR’s speech, deliberately describes an action done in this careful, intentional way.
What does deliberate mean
on purpose/intentionally
Bush describes the attacks as creating images of destruction that have been “seared into” American memory. This is an example of THIS.
metaphor
Bush's references to victims, families, fear, and grief primarily appeal to THIS rhetorical appeal.
pathos
FDR gives his speech to Congress after the attack on THIS U.S. naval base.
Pearl Harbor
Both speeches discuss events largely in the order in which they happened. This structure is called THIS.
chronological order/sequence
“These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.” (paragraph 2)
What does resolve mean
determination
Bush says the attacks “shattered steel” but cannot “dent the steel of American resolve.” The repeated image of steel represents THIS.
American strength/determination
FDR provides specific facts about where and when attacks occurred. This primarily strengthens THIS appeal.
logos
DR lists several locations attacked by Japan. Doing so helps convince his audience that the attacks were THIS rather than an isolated incident.
widespread/deliberate
When Bush describes the attacks and then explains how the government is responding, he uses this relationship between an event and its results.
cause and effect
If someone is infamous, they are well known for THIS type of reason.
something bad/negative
When an author uses descriptive language that helps the audience picture, hear, or experience something, it is called THIS
imagery
“As Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy I have directed that all measures be taken for our defense.” (Paragraph 7)
How does the author’s appeal to credibility contribute to the purpose of the passage?
He claims that he has fulfilled his duties to aid in America’s response.
How does the reference to the Bible in paragraphs 6-7 of Passage 1 contribute to the author’s emotional appeal?
by reassuring his audience’s fears
Both speeches move from describing tragedy toward discussing action. Explain ONE effect this organizational choice has on the audience.
moving the audience from fear/grief toward confidence, unity, or action?
An attack described as premeditated was THIS rather than spontaneous.
planned ahead of time
FDR's description of the date as one that will “live in infamy” gives infamy a life-like ability. This can be identified as THIS device.
personification
FDR repeatedly uses similar phrasing while listing locations Japan attacked. This rhetorical device is called THIS.
What is repetition/anaphora?
This passage concludes with a call to action for America.
Day in Infamy
FDR first explains what Japan did and then argues for how the United States should respond. This resembles THIS text structure.
problem and solution
To implement a plan means to do THIS with it.
put it into action/carry it out
“Shattered steel” and “the steel of American resolve” use the same word literally and figuratively. Explain what Bush accomplishes with this contrast.
contrasting physical destruction with the nation's continuing strength/resolve
Both presidents repeatedly use words such as we, our, and us. This technique encourages the audience to view Americans as THIS.
united group/community
Both presidents describe the attacks and then discuss how America will respond. This supports their shared purpose of strengthening the nation's THIS.
resolve/unity
FDR's repeated listing of attacks on different locations helps show the THIS of Japan's military actions.
scope/extent