The History of Healing
These originated in European monasteries and were initially meant for housing, not treating, the mentally ill.
What are asylums?
This type of therapy, associated with Carl Rogers, emphasizes a warm atmosphere and self-exploration.
What is Client-Centered Therapy?
This non-invasive therapy uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain.
What is TMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)?
This research method is considered the "gold standard" for testing therapy effectiveness.
What is experimentation (or randomized controlled experiments)?
This professional has a medical degree and is the only mental health provider who can typically prescribe biological treatments like antidepressants.
Who is a psychiatrist?
In the 18th Century, this city began a humanitarian movement to improve therapies through kindness and freedom
What is Paris?
Meaning "unified whole," this directive therapy focuses on the "here and now".
What is Gestalt Therapy?
This biological therapy, introduced in 1939, is often used as a "last resort" for severe depression.
What is Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?
Research shows that psychotherapy is effective, with 70-75% of treated people showing greater well-being than those untreated.
What is psychodynamic therapy?
This ethnic group may be reluctant to seek help because of cultural values that prioritize "saving face" and a tendency to suppress emotions.
Who are Asian Americans?
This type of institution replaced asylums in the U.S. with a greater focus on treatment, though they were often understaffed.
What are mental hospitals?
This method uses systematic desensitization to help clients manage phobias.
What is fear-reduction?
This psychosurgery technique involves severing nerve pathways between the prefrontal lobes and the thalamus.
What is a prefrontal lobotomy?
These two types of therapy are most effective for well-educated, highly motivated clients but less effective for psychotic disorders.
What are psychodynamic and client-centered therapies?
This term describes the disruption of traditional culture, which many Native Americans identify as a primary cause of psychological distress.
What is acculturation?
This term describes the process where a patient responds to a therapist in ways that reflect attitudes toward other people in their lives.
What is transference?
This controversial procedure pairs painful stimuli with unwanted impulses to make them less appealing.
What is aversive conditioning?
These four types of drugs are commonly used in biological therapy: anti-anxiety, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and ________.
What are mood stabilizers?
This ethnic group may be reluctant to seek help due to cultural stigmas or the belief that one should manage their own problems.
Who are Asian Americans?
Many African Americans may be reluctant to seek therapy due to a history of this in the healthcare system, preferring to turn to the church or family instead.
What is mistrust (or discrimination/prejudice)?
Sigmund Freud famously referred to these as the "royal road to the unconscious".
What are dreams?
Aaron Beck is primarily associated with this form of therapy.
What is Cognitive Therapy?
He erroneously believed that convulsions were incompatible with schizophrenia after observing animals in slaughterhouses.
Who is Ugo Cerletti?
For these clients, psychological disorders may stem from the disruption of traditional culture caused by colonization.
Who are Native Americans?
This type of therapist often has a master’s degree and works with individuals or families specifically on "problems in living" rather than severe psychotic disorders.
Who is a counselor (or social worker)?