Cardiac
Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?
A. Low LDL cholesterol
B. High HDL cholesterol
C. High LDL cholesterol
D. Low triglycerides
C. High LDL cholesterol
A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes insipidus. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect?
A. Weight gain and edema
B. Polyuria and excessive thirst
C. Hypertension and bradycardia
D. Fatigue and hyperpigmentation
B. Polyuria and excessive thirst
100 (Knowledge – Cushing’s)
Which of the following is a classic sign of Cushing’s syndrome?
A. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
B. Moon face and central obesity
C. Weight loss and hypotension
D. Tremors and palpitations
B. Moon face and central obesity
Which sign/symptom is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism?
a. heat intolerance
b. weight loss
c. cold intolerance
d. tachycardia
c. cold intolerance
A patient is admitted with a sickle cell crisis complaining of severe joint and abdominal pain. Which nursing intervention is the highest priority?
A. Encourage the patient to drink fluids only when thirsty
B. Administer prescribed opioids for pain management
C. Limit activity to prevent energy expenditure
D. Apply cold packs to painful joints
B. Administer prescribed opioids for pain management
A patient is diagnosed with primary hypertension. Which lifestyle modification should the nurse recommend first?
A. Decrease daily physical activity
B. Limit sodium intake and maintain a healthy weight
C. Increase alcohol consumption
D. Reduce daily potassium intake
B. Limit sodium intake and maintain a healthy weight
A patient with SIADH develops fatigue, mild confusion, and headache. The nurse notes concentrated urine and slight edema. Which complication is the patient most at risk for?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyponatremia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Hypercalcemia
B. Hyponatremia
Which of the following is a common early sign of Addison’s disease?
A. Weight gain and edema
B. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
C. Heat intolerance and tremors
D. Moon face and buffalo hump
B. Hyperpigmentation of the skin
A client with hyperparathyroidism reports flank pain. Which complication should the nurse suspect?
A. Kidney stones
B. Tetany
C. Hypertension
D. Edema
A. Kidney Stones
A patient reports painless swollen lymph nodes, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss. Which intervention should the nurse prioritize?
A. Assess for signs of infection
B. Teach about a low-sodium diet
C. Monitor for hyperglycemia
D. Schedule a lymph node biopsy for diagnosis
D. Schedule a lymph node biopsy for diagnosis
A patient with uncontrolled hypertension develops shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Heart failure
B. Myocardial infarction
C. Stroke
D. Pulmonary embolism
A. Heart failure
Which statement demonstrates correct understanding of both disorders?
A. “Both SIADH and DI patients have excessive urine output.”
B. “Fluid restriction is typically used for DI patients.”
C. “SIADH patients have water retention, while DI patients have water loss.”
D. “Both conditions are caused by low ADH levels.”
C. “SIADH patients have water retention, while DI patients have water loss.”
A patient is admitted with severe hypertension, headache, and palpitations. Which lab or diagnostic test would confirm a pheochromocytoma?
A. Serum cortisol levels
B. 24-hour urine collection for catecholamines
C. Serum potassium and sodium
D. Fasting blood glucose
B. 24-hour urine collection for catecholamines
The nurse is assessing a patient with severe hypothyroidism. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
A. Dry skin and brittle hair
B. Cold intolerance
C. Decreased level of consciousness
D. Bradycardia at 55 bpm
C. Decreased level of consciousness
A patient with acute leukemia is admitted with fever and sore throat. Which is the nurse’s priority concern?
A. Risk for thrombosis
B. Risk for infection due to neutropenia
C. Risk for dehydration
D. Risk for hypercalcemia
B. Risk for infection due to neutropenia
A patient is admitted with chest pain radiating to the left arm and jaw, diaphoresis, and nausea. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority?
A. Obtain a detailed dietary history
B. Place the patient on continuous cardiac monitoring and administer oxygen
C. Prepare the patient for discharge teaching
D. Schedule an echocardiogram for later
B. Place the patient on continuous cardiac monitoring and administer oxygen
A patient with DI has a urine output of 400 mL/hr and signs of dehydration. Which intervention is highest priority?
A. Monitor blood pressure every 4 hours
B. Administer IV fluids as prescribed
C. Encourage oral fluids
D. Restrict sodium intake
B. Administer IV fluids as prescribed
A client with Addison’s disease develops nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and confusion after a minor infection. Which is the nurse’s highest priority action?
A. Encourage oral fluid intake
B. Administer IV hydrocortisone as prescribed
C. Apply warming blankets to maintain body temperature
D. Monitor daily weight
B. Administer IV hydrocortisone as prescribed
A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with hypoparathyroidism. The client reports tingling around the lips and fingertips. Which additional assessment finding would the nurse expect?
A. Polyuria and excessive thirst
B. Positive Trousseau’s sign
C. Hypertension and weight gain
D. Flushed, warm skin
B. Positive Trousseau’s sign
A patient is diagnosed with thrombocytopenia. Which nursing intervention is most important to prevent complications?
A. Encourage frequent ambulation
B. Avoid invasive procedures and use a soft-bristle toothbrush
C. Provide a high-protein diet
D. Administer IV fluids rapidly
B. Avoid invasive procedures and use a soft-bristle toothbrush
A patient with a history of MI and hyperlipidemia asks about preventing another heart attack. Which advice is most important?
A. Only take medications when experiencing chest pain
B. Maintain a heart-healthy diet, exercise regularly, and adhere to prescribed medications
C. Stop taking cholesterol-lowering medication once blood cholesterol is normal
D. Avoid all forms of physical activity to reduce cardiac workload
B. Maintain a heart-healthy diet, exercise regularly, and adhere to prescribed medications
A patient with SIADH has mild confusion and 2+ edema. Which complication should the nurse monitor for?
A. Fatigue
B. Seizures
C. Hypokalemia
D. Stomach pain
B. Seizures (from hyponatremia)
A patient with Addison’s disease is preparing for surgery. Which preoperative instruction is most important?
A. Stop taking corticosteroids 48 hours before surgery
B. Take an extra dose of corticosteroids on the day of surgery
C. Restrict sodium intake before surgery
D. Monitor for hyperglycemia postoperatively
Take an extra dose of corticosteroids on the day of surgery
A patient is scheduled for a thyroidectomy due to hyperthyroidism. Which postoperative assessment is the priority?
A. Monitor for hypocalcemia
B. Assess the surgical incision for bleeding
C. Getting the patient something to eat
D. Check for hoarseness or stridor
D. Check for hoarseness or stridor (indicates airway obstruction)
A patient with sickle cell anemia develops sudden chest pain, dyspnea, fever, and hypoxia. Which complication should the nurse suspect, and what is the priority nursing action?
A. Splenic sequestration; administer oral fluids
B. Stroke; prepare for head CT
C. Acute chest syndrome; initiate oxygen therapy and notify the provider
D. Pulmonary embolism; encourage ambulation
C. Acute chest syndrome; initiate oxygen therapy and notify the provider